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Author: Zhong Kai
Japan is the country with the highest life expectancy in the world.
Japanese food culture is in the same line as China, so it is highly regarded by health enthusiasts
.
However, their diet has a prominent problem, that is, excessive iodine.
Therefore, when studying the relationship between iodine and health, Japan has become an important reference sample
.
Japanese food culture is in the same line as China, so it is highly regarded by health enthusiasts
.
However, their diet has a prominent problem, that is, excessive iodine.
Therefore, when studying the relationship between iodine and health, Japan has become an important reference sample
.
Japan is an island country and loves to eat all kinds of seafood.
There are more than 20 kinds of seaweed in its recipes
.
Sometimes seaweed is used as a seasoning, such as kelp grains; sometimes as a side dish, such as cold wakame; sometimes it is an edible packaging material, such as seaweed rice
.
There are more than 20 kinds of seaweed in its recipes
.
Sometimes seaweed is used as a seasoning, such as kelp grains; sometimes as a side dish, such as cold wakame; sometimes it is an edible packaging material, such as seaweed rice
.
Kelp is the food with the highest known iodine content.
Research data shows that the iodine content of different dried kelp is mostly 300-700 mg/100 g.
The iodine content of individual kelp can exceed 2000 mg/100 g, while the iodine content of fresh kelp is usually It is 4-5 times higher than dried kelp (calculated by dry weight)
.
The iodine content of seaweed and wakame is much lower, but there are several milligrams to more than ten milligrams per 100 grams
.
Research data shows that the iodine content of different dried kelp is mostly 300-700 mg/100 g.
The iodine content of individual kelp can exceed 2000 mg/100 g, while the iodine content of fresh kelp is usually It is 4-5 times higher than dried kelp (calculated by dry weight)
.
The iodine content of seaweed and wakame is much lower, but there are several milligrams to more than ten milligrams per 100 grams
.
From 1955 to 2005, the average daily intake of seaweed by Japanese people was about 4.
3-5.
3 grams, which was their main source of dietary iodine
.
However, after World War II, Japan was affected by the westernization of diet, and the intake of seaweed by young people gradually declined.
The current intake of the elderly is about 3-4 times that of young people
.
3-5.
3 grams, which was their main source of dietary iodine
.
However, after World War II, Japan was affected by the westernization of diet, and the intake of seaweed by young people gradually declined.
The current intake of the elderly is about 3-4 times that of young people
.
In addition, Japanese people also like to use seaweed to make soup, and 70-90% of the iodine in seaweed is water-soluble inorganic iodine
.
Market sampling shows that the iodine content of some soup bases is astonishing, and a bowl of miso soup can reach 5-8 mg
.
.
Market sampling shows that the iodine content of some soup bases is astonishing, and a bowl of miso soup can reach 5-8 mg
.
Regarding how much iodine the Japanese eat every day, the results of different studies are different, and the estimated value is also very different
.
A paper published in "Thyroid Research" in 2011 believes that combining dietary, urine iodine and seaweed iodine content data, it is estimated that the daily iodine intake of Japanese people is about 1-3 mg, most of which come from seaweed
.
According to the results of a dietary tracking study conducted by the University of Tokyo in 2015, the average daily intake is about 1.
5 mg, which is 10 times the daily requirement of an adult.
When converted into iodized salt, the amount of iodized salt we eat is about one or two
.
.
A paper published in "Thyroid Research" in 2011 believes that combining dietary, urine iodine and seaweed iodine content data, it is estimated that the daily iodine intake of Japanese people is about 1-3 mg, most of which come from seaweed
.
According to the results of a dietary tracking study conducted by the University of Tokyo in 2015, the average daily intake is about 1.
5 mg, which is 10 times the daily requirement of an adult.
When converted into iodized salt, the amount of iodized salt we eat is about one or two
.
This is still an average
.
Since there is no iodized salt in Japan, the iodine intake of different people mainly depends on how much seaweed they eat
.
People who love to eat seaweed can consume 50-80 mg of iodine a day.
According to the literature, some people excrete as much as 7 mg of iodine in urine a day
.
.
Since there is no iodized salt in Japan, the iodine intake of different people mainly depends on how much seaweed they eat
.
People who love to eat seaweed can consume 50-80 mg of iodine a day.
According to the literature, some people excrete as much as 7 mg of iodine in urine a day
.
Research data over the years have shown that a considerable number of Japanese people have urine iodine levels exceeding 300 micrograms/liter (iodine excess state), and it is not rare that they exceed 1,000 micrograms/liter
.
The urinary iodine of college students in Kyoto, Tokyo, Hokkaido, Nagoya, and Osaka surveyed in 1993 was 740-3300 micrograms/liter
.
In a 1994 survey of kelp-producing areas, the average level of adult urine iodine reached 3300 micrograms/liter, and they were in a state of severe iodine overdose
.
.
The urinary iodine of college students in Kyoto, Tokyo, Hokkaido, Nagoya, and Osaka surveyed in 1993 was 740-3300 micrograms/liter
.
In a 1994 survey of kelp-producing areas, the average level of adult urine iodine reached 3300 micrograms/liter, and they were in a state of severe iodine overdose
.
Excessive iodine is of course no benefit.
A typical side effect is high-iodine goiter (also a large neck).
In the above-mentioned survey of college students, the goiter rate was 8.
9%.
Similar situations are also found in China, mainly in some areas with high water iodine.
, Such as Peixian
.
But there is nothing special about other diseases such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Here are some figures
.
A typical side effect is high-iodine goiter (also a large neck).
In the above-mentioned survey of college students, the goiter rate was 8.
9%.
Similar situations are also found in China, mainly in some areas with high water iodine.
, Such as Peixian
.
But there is nothing special about other diseases such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Here are some figures
.
In a 2009 study, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in more than 1,800 medical examinees was 0.
7%
.
From 2004 to 2014, the physical examination data of nearly 390,000 people showed that the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism were 1.
23% and 4.
02%, respectively
.
Tracking studies conducted by tens of thousands of people also failed to find a link between the intake of seaweed and the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer
.
For comparison, a large-scale survey of more than 63,000 people in China in 2017 showed that the prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were 0.
8% and 1.
1%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were 0.
4% and 13.
7%
.
2018 Shanghai
7%
.
From 2004 to 2014, the physical examination data of nearly 390,000 people showed that the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism were 1.
23% and 4.
02%, respectively
.
Tracking studies conducted by tens of thousands of people also failed to find a link between the intake of seaweed and the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer
.
For comparison, a large-scale survey of more than 63,000 people in China in 2017 showed that the prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were 0.
8% and 1.
1%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were 0.
4% and 13.
7%
.
2018 Shanghai
In the physical examination data of more than 32,000 people, the prevalence rates of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were 0.
8% and 0.
1%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism were 1.
2% and 3.
3%, respectively
.
(Note: The data of thyroid diseases are greatly affected by factors such as research subjects, detection methods, normal range, diagnostic criteria, etc.
, especially hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer
.
)
8% and 0.
1%, respectively, and the prevalence rates of hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism were 1.
2% and 3.
3%, respectively
.
(Note: The data of thyroid diseases are greatly affected by factors such as research subjects, detection methods, normal range, diagnostic criteria, etc.
, especially hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer
.
)
Continuously optimizing the iodine nutrition policy and rationally supplementing iodine is the direction of the efforts of all countries in the world
.
However, because it is difficult to change the dietary structure, the Japanese government has to tolerate a certain degree of iodine excess, and the established safety upper limit (UL) of iodine intake is significantly higher than that of countries in the world
.
Japan stipulates that the upper limit of daily intake for adults is 2.
2 mg, while the World Health Organization's recommendation is 1 mg, China is 0.
8 mg, the United States is 1.
1 mg, and the EU is 0.
6 mg
.
.
However, because it is difficult to change the dietary structure, the Japanese government has to tolerate a certain degree of iodine excess, and the established safety upper limit (UL) of iodine intake is significantly higher than that of countries in the world
.
Japan stipulates that the upper limit of daily intake for adults is 2.
2 mg, while the World Health Organization's recommendation is 1 mg, China is 0.
8 mg, the United States is 1.
1 mg, and the EU is 0.
6 mg
.
In fact, exceeding this upper limit is still safe for most people, and only some sensitive people may have health risks, such as those with thyroid autoimmune deficiency
.
However, more than 100 million Japanese have personally proved that even with a severe overdose of iodine, they are still the country with the healthiest and longest lives
.
Chinese people’s iodine intake is generally much lower than that of Japan.
Why should you worry too much?
.
However, more than 100 million Japanese have personally proved that even with a severe overdose of iodine, they are still the country with the healthiest and longest lives
.
Chinese people’s iodine intake is generally much lower than that of Japan.
Why should you worry too much?
Trivia
Kelp is an alien species to China, and it was an imported product until liberation
.
In the middle of the last century, wild kelp species from Hokkaido were introduced into China, and Chinese scientists cracked the artificial breeding technology
.
After years of development, China's kelp production has accounted for 90% of the global output, of which Shandong, Liaoning, and Fujian accounted for 90% of the national output
.
.
In the middle of the last century, wild kelp species from Hokkaido were introduced into China, and Chinese scientists cracked the artificial breeding technology
.
After years of development, China's kelp production has accounted for 90% of the global output, of which Shandong, Liaoning, and Fujian accounted for 90% of the national output
.
