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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > Species composition and diversity characteristics of hydrothermal organisms in the southwestern Indian Ocean.

    Species composition and diversity characteristics of hydrothermal organisms in the southwestern Indian Ocean.

    • Last Update: 2020-08-09
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Cold, high pressure, low oxygen, no light, lack of nutrients... In the dark and vast deep sea floor, in the scattered extreme environment of high-temperature hydrothermal spewing, there is a vibrant "oasis".
    Since 1977, when the Alvin deep-dive found the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem, hydrothermal organisms have gradually entered people's horizons and become the hot spot and frontier of international marine research.
    , however, there are many "fuzzy puzzles" on the map of the global geogeographic distribution of hydrothermal organisms.
    the Indian Ocean is one of them, and its awareness is significantly lower.
    , a team led by Researcher Wang Chunsheng of the Second Oceanographic Research Institute of the State Oceanic Administration published a paper in the form of a cover article in the international academic journal Deep-Sea Research, systematically describing and summarizing the species composition and diversity characteristics of hydrothermal organisms in the southwestern Indian Ocean, providing further evidence for the stitching of the global hydrothermal biological geographic map.
    as the first author of the study, Ocean 49 voyage fourth segment biological group leader Zhou Yadong told Science and Technology Daily that 39 species have been recorded in the hydrothermal zone of the southwestern Indian Ocean;
    subverting "everything grows by the sun" In Zhou Yadong's view, if the usual sense of land and aquatic ecosystems are driven by solar energy, then hydrothermal ecosystems are driven by "geothermal energy".
    the earth's deep energy through a series of complex physical and chemical reactions, and finally through the microbial "fixation" into the ocean benthic animal food chain, and support the formation of this small and sophisticated, rapidly evolving system.
    although the survival pressure is enormous, the hydrothermal vents gather around the accumulation of rich groups of organisms.
    " hydrothermal organisms are rich in diversity and high productivity, and more than 700 hydrothermal organisms have been discovered in humans, with an average of two new species found every month.
    " Zhou Yadong said that hydrothermal biodensity in hydrothermal areas is very high, far beyond the general marine ecosystem, the number of blind shrimp in a liter of seawater can be as high as thousands.
    "But the boom was short-lived, and hydrothermal biomes were highly dependent on vent activity.
    hydrothermal vents have limited life spans, some only active for decades, extreme stakes such as a volcanic eruption in the eastern Pacific Ocean, hydrothermal vent biomes from formation to maturity to extinction sometimes take only about a decade.
    ," Zhou Yadong said.
    the Indian Ocean ridge hydrothermal bio-cognitive low zhou Yadong showed reporters that the world has found more than 70 hydrothermal areas with typical biomes, mainly distributed in the Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, the second, the Southern Ocean has a small number of discoveries, although there are hydrothermal areas in the Arctic Circle but no typical hydrothermal organisms have been found.
    hydrothermal bioregions have significant characteristics.
    " there are significant differences in the appearance and species composition of hydrothermal vent communities in different sea areas, creating unique local features, such as giant tube-dwelling worms that are unique to the East Pacific Seamounts and can reach up to 3 meters.
    , " Zhou yadong said, scientists are geographically zoning global hydrothermal communities.
    this is a bit similar to the division of administrative regions, according to biological composition, the global hydrothermal biomes can be divided into the east Pacific seamount (southern section), the eastern Pacific seamount (northern), the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean and other 11 independent "biological provinces."
    the indian Ocean ridge is the only ocean ridge that connects the Pacific Ridge system and the Atlantic ridge, it is widely speculated that it is the only existing channel connecting hydrothermal organisms in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and that this hypothesis is one of the main drivers of hydrothermal biological research and research in the Indian Ocean.
    the first time to reveal the three hydrothermal regions of the "dark biosphere" this paper is mainly based on the Accumulation of two voyages from 2014 to 2015, describing the southwest Indian Ocean "dragon " "broken bridge" "Tiancheng" three hydrothermal biomes, of which "broken bridge" and "Tiancheng" are described for the first time.
    often a sea area biological similarity is higher, but the south-west Indian Ocean between the north and south hydrothermal regions of the species composition difference is large, to the advantage of species, "Tiancheng" to the Indian Ocean deep-sea top clams and armored anemones as the dominant species;
    if the Indian Ocean is considered a biological province, the south-west Indian Ocean and the Central Indian Ocean are equivalent to two prefecture-level cities.
    and the "Tiancheng" hydrothermal zone in the north-west Indian Ocean is closer to the central Indian Ocean and should belong to the "Central Indian Ocean City";
    " shows that the similarity of the creatures is basically consistent with the geographical location.
    " Zhou Yadong said, "Dragon " and "Broken Bridge" may be the transition zone between the three ridges mentioned above.
    ", "This gives us a more detailed and in-depth understanding of the division of the hydrothermal biota in the Indian Ocean.
    ", the vent activity and biome structure of the "Dragon " in 2015 were generally stable compared to 2011, but the eruptions of very few chimneys were found to weaken and be accompanied by dramatic changes in biomes.
    on the chimney body, such as the No. 1 chimney, in 2015, some "high temperature species" disappeared, while some "low temperature species" but a large number of, such as mussels and mussels.
    " this change is likely to be related to a significant decrease in hydrothermal activity intensity.
    "
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