Stroke: Adhere to the Mediterranean diet can slow the progression of vascular sclerosis

Heart vascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, and the health care system and society has caused tremendous economic burden
.

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Heart blood vessels

The Mediterranean diet is an increasingly popular diet, and its health benefits (such as prevention of cardiovascular disease) have been recognized
.

The effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in reducing cardiovascular risk has been demonstrated in primary prevention

The Mediterranean diet is an increasingly popular diet, and its health benefits (such as prevention of cardiovascular disease) have been recognized

CORDIOPREV study (Coronary Diet Intervention With Olive Oil and Cardiovascular Prevention) is an ongoing dietary intervention trial comparing the two kinds of healthy eating patterns in two cardiovascular prevention of cardiovascular events incidence
.

One of the dietary patterns is low-fat and rich in complex carbohydrates, which is the recommendation of the National Cholesterol Education Program for such patients

Cardiovascular event cholesterol

Using B-ultrasound to evaluate the intima-media thickness of two common carotid arteries (IMT-CC) is a non-invasive and fully validated clinical method
.

IMT-CC is considered to be a surrogate indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis and a powerful predictor of new myocardial infarction and stroke

Myocardial infarction

In a 15-year prospective cohort study of elderly women, the consumption of various vegetables was inversely related to IMT-CC
.

Similarly, in a cross-sectional analysis, Maugeri et al.

The PREDIMED study did not show changes in IMT-CC, but found that compared with a fat-reducing diet, after eating a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (but not with EVOO), the internal carotid artery IMT and plaque height decreased
.

In this way, Jose Jimenez-Torres of Reina Sofia University Hospital in Spain and others evaluated two healthy eating patterns (Mediterranean diet rich in EVOO compared with low-fat diet and diet rich in complex carbohydrates) in reducing coronary heart disease ( CHD) The efficacy of IMT-CC in patients
.

The secondary goal is to investigate the influence of these dietary patterns on other parameters related to the progression of atherosclerosis, such as the number and height of carotid plaque

Among all participants, 939 completed the IMT-CC assessment at baseline and were randomly assigned to the Mediterranean diet (35% fat, 22% monounsaturated fatty acids, <50% carbohydrates) or low-fat diet (28%) Fat, 12% monounsaturated fatty acids, >55% carbohydrates), IMT-CC measurements were taken at 5 and 7 years
.

In addition, they analyzed the number and height of carotid plaques

They found that compared with baseline, the Mediterranean diet reduced IMT-CC in 5 years (-0.
027±0.
008 mm; P<0.
001) and maintained it in 7 years (-0.
031±0.
008 mm; P<0.
001)
.

Compared with baseline, the Mediterranean diet reduced IMT-CC in 5 years (-0.
027±0.
008 mm; P<0.
001) and maintained it in 7 years (-0.
031±0.
008 mm; P<0.
001)
.

The low-fat diet did not change IMT-CC
.
During the whole follow-up, compared with the low-fat diet, the IMT-CC and carotid plaque height decreased even more after the Mediterranean diet
.

Baseline IMT-CC has the strongest correlation with the changes in IMT-CC after dietary intervention
.

The significance of this study lies in the findings: Compared with a low-fat diet, long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in extra virgin olive oil is associated with a reduction in the progression of atherosclerosis, which is manifested in IMT-CC and carotid plaque height The reduction
.
These findings strengthen the clinical benefits of the Mediterranean diet in secondary cardiovascular prevention
.

Compared with a low-fat diet, long-term consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in extra virgin olive oil is associated with a reduction in the progression of atherosclerosis.

Original Source:
Jimenez-Torres J, Alcalá-Diaz JF, Torres-Peña JD, et al.
Mediterranean Diet Reduces Atherosclerosis Progression in Coronary Heart Disease: An Analysis of the CORDIOPREV Randomized Controlled Trial.
Stroke.
Published online August 10, 2021.
doi :10.
1161/STROKEAHA.
120.
033214

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