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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > Study reveals new mechanism for the spread of Parkinson's disease between brain cells

    Study reveals new mechanism for the spread of Parkinson's disease between brain cells

    • Last Update: 2020-06-09
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Photo from Acta Neuropathologica, doi:10.1007/s00401-019-02007-xneurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease affect different areas of the human brainDespite these regional differences, existing studies have shown that intracellular processes affected by these diseases have much in commonA feature of these diseases is that specific proteins begin to form aggregates that damage and eventually kill cellsIn Parkinson's disease, the wrong folding form of alpha-synaptic nucleoprotein is involvedThese aggregates can collect normal forms of alpha-synaptic nucleoproteins, resulting in more protein aggregates"Over the past few decades, we have realized that protein deposits in the brain can spread between cells as a seed to begin a cycle of new aggregates in the next cell," said Martin Hallbeck, co-author of thepaper and a consultant physician in surgical pathology at Lin Xueping University Hospital and associate professor of clinical and experimental medicine at Lin Xueping UniversityThe disease spreads in the brain in a way similar to an infectionWe want to understand how this protein aggregate circulates and, in the long run, use this knowledge to inhibit the spread of the disease in the brainpeople have long known that cells close to each other can produce smaller channels between them, called gap connecting channelsThese small channels are formed by members of a family of proteins called connecting proteins (connexin)Other scientists have shown that connecting proteins play an important role in other types of diseases, such as HIV/AIDSThis led researchers from The University of Lin Xueping to find out if the connecting protein could play a similar role in the brain's spread of Parkinson's disease"The results suggest that harmful protein aggregates in Parkinson's disease bind to the connecting protein-32 (connexin-32, Cx32) and are ingested by cells," said Juan Reyes, a senior postdoctoral researcher in the Hallbeck research team, co-author of thepaperWe are the first to confirm that in Parkinson's disease and polysetosis (a related disease), connecting proteins play a role in the ingestion of disease-related proteins and in cell-to-cell transfer brain contains more than 10 proteins, but this new study shows that protein deposits in Parkinson's disease interact with only one of them--- Cx32 --- Details of the process by which these harmful protein aggregates use this channel to form proteins from one cell to neighboring cells remain unclear The researchers did know that the channels formed by the connected proteins were too narrow to allow these protein slots to pass through They found that these protein aggregates bind to the channel-forming protein Cx32 and dive into the cells with it When these researchers inhibited the formation of channels in in vitro cultured cells, the intake of alpha-synaptic nucleoproteins was blocked In experiments using brain tissue from four patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, they observed a direct binding between alpha-synaptic nucleoproteins and connecting proteins in both cases, suggesting that they also interacted in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease, but not in the normal brain "We hope that Cx32 will be a target for drug treatment in the future," said hallbeck, Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease The disease is characterized by tremors, muscle stiffness and slowstarts in physical activity Cognitive symptoms are also common in the later stages of the disease When symptoms become apparent, a relatively large proportion of nerve cells in the affected brain region have died There are currently no treatments available to inhibit the progression of the disease original origin: Juan F Reyes et al Binding of alpha-synuclein oligomers to Cx32 fors protein uptake and transfer in neurons and oligodendrocytes, Acta Neuropathologica (2019) DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02007-x original title: Acta Neuropathol: New mechanism to reveal the spread of Parkinson's disease between brain cells
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