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75em;box-sizing:border-box ;overflow-wrap:break-word ;'> 544px;">In 1922, humans first used insulin extracted from animal pancreas to treat type 1 diabetes.
This was also the first time that humans used peptide drugs to treat diseases.
So far, more than 80 peptide drugs have been approved for the market to treat a variety of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV infection and chronic pain .
Recently, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery published an article Trends in peptide drug discovery , which summarized the key trends in peptide drug discovery and development over the years and discussed the opportunities and challenges faced by peptide drugs.
This was also the first time that humans used peptide drugs to treat diseases.
So far, more than 80 peptide drugs have been approved for the market to treat a variety of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV infection and chronic pain .
Recently, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery published an article Trends in peptide drug discovery , which summarized the key trends in peptide drug discovery and development over the years and discussed the opportunities and challenges faced by peptide drugs.
Including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, HIV infection and chronic pain, etc.
Nature Reviews Drug Discover Trends in peptide drug discovery544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;font-family:-apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.
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75em;box-sizing:border-box ;overflow-wrap:break-word ;'>544px;">The first human peptide drug was insulin extracted from bovine and porcine pancreas.
In 1954, American biochemist Dr.
Vincent du Vigneaud realized the chemical synthesis of peptide drugs for the first time .
He successfully synthesized oxytocin and won the 1955 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
▲Key milestones, development and drug approval timelines of peptide drugs (picture source: reference [1])
▲Key milestones, development and drug approval timelines of peptide drugs (picture source: reference [1]) ▲Key milestones, development and drug approval timelines of peptide drugs (picture source: reference[1])544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;box-sizing:border-box ;'>
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75em;box-sizing:border-box ;overflow-wrap:break-word ;'>544px;">The molecular weight of peptide drugs is between small molecule drugs and biological products, and has unique characteristics.
In 2019, peptide drugs accounted for 5% of the global pharmaceutical market, with global sales exceeding US$50 billion .
Over the past six decades, the number of approved peptide drugs has increased steadily.
Insulin and similar drugs account for about 50% of peptide drug sales revenue, followed by Trulicity's glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonist dulaglutide for the treatment of diabetes.
Currently, most of the approved peptide drugs are agonists, and the most common targeted indications are related to endocrinology, metabolism and oncology .
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▲ 544px;">Peptide drug market 544px;">(picture source: reference [1])
▲ ▲ 544px;">Peptide drug market Peptide drug market 544px;">(picture source: reference[1]) (picture source: reference[1])544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;font-family:-apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box ;overflow-wrap:break-word ;'>544px;">
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▲ 544px;">The chemical structure of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin, originally isolated from fungi 544px;">(picture source: reference [1])
▲ ▲ 544px;">The chemical structure of immunosuppressant cyclosporin, the chemical structure of immunosuppressant cyclosporin was originally isolated from fungi, and originally isolated from fungi 544px;">(picture source: reference [1]) (picture source: reference [1] ])544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;font-family:-apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.75em;box-sizing:border-box ;overflow-wrap:break-word ;'>544px;">
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75em;box-sizing:border-box ;overflow-wrap:break-word ;'>544px;">Venomomics and display technology are two key technologies for discovering therapeutic precursors.
Venomomics can use bioinformatics to analyze the genome and transcriptome data of venom animals to obtain relevant proteomics data from venom samples.
This method can identify a large number of venom peptide sequences, which can be screened for specific therapeutic targets.
Display technology can generate peptide libraries with abundant sample content and screen for therapeutic targets.
544px;">Venomomics and display technology are two key technologies for discovering therapeutic precursors.
Venomomics can use bioinformatics to analyze the genome and transcriptome data of venom animals to obtain relevant proteomics data from venom samples.
This method can identify a large number of venom peptide sequences, which can be screened for specific therapeutic targets.
Display technology can generate peptide libraries with abundant sample content and screen for therapeutic targets.
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544px;">544px;text-align:justify;white-space:normal;font-family:-apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;background-color:#FFFFFF;line-height:1.
75em;box-sizing:border-box ;overflow-wrap:break-word ;'>544px;">Most peptide drugs are administered by injection.
The disadvantages of this method include poor patient compliance, possible accidental injury, infection and other risks.
Some alternative methods under development include implantable pumps, liquid jet syringes, inhalable drugs, oral peptide drugs, etc.
544px;">Most peptide drugs are administered by injection.
The disadvantages of this method include poor patient compliance, possible accidental injury, infection and other risks.
Some alternative methods under development include implantable pumps, liquid jet syringes, inhalable drugs, oral peptide drugs, etc.
Implantable pumps, liquid injection syringes, inhalable drugs, oral peptide drugs