Surgery site infection, are you aware of all these?

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Postoperative wound infection is more common in surgery with skin incisions, most of which occur 30 days after surgery, also known as surgical site infection (SSI).

According to incomplete statistics, the probability of SSI occurring after surgery is about 1%-3%.
SSI accounts for about 15% of all nosocomial infections and 35%-40% of nosocomial infections in surgical patients.

Classification of surgical site infections SSI usually occurs within 30 days after surgery.
According to the site of infection, it can be divided into the following three categories: ①Superficial incision SSI, this infection only occurs around the skin incision; ②Deep incision SSI, this infection occurs Muscles and surrounding tissues below the incision; ③SSI of organs and cavities.

Except for the skin, muscles and surrounding tissues involved in the operation, this infection can occur anywhere in the body, including the cavities between organs.

Clinical manifestations of infection at the surgical site SSI may cause redness around the wound, delayed healing, fever, pain, tenderness, or swelling.

The specific symptoms and signs of the three types of SSI are as follows: ① Superficial incision SSI can produce pus, and culture in a petri dish can find the type of bacteria that causes infection to assist in diagnosis and treatment; ② Deep incision SSI may also produce pus.

The wound site may not heal, and the surgeon needs to reopen the wound; ③The organ and cavity SSI is a closed area of ​​pus and decomposed tissue wrapped in inflammation.

When the surgeon reopens the wound or passes a special X-ray examination, an abscess can be observed.

Treatment of surgical site infection ➤Antibiotic therapy Antibiotics can be used to treat surgical site infections.
The course of different antibiotics varies, but generally it takes at least one week.

If there is drainage from the wound, bacterial culture can be used to find the best antibiotic.

Some wounds are infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is resistant to commonly used antibiotics.

MRSA infection requires specific antibiotic treatment.

➤Invasive surgical treatment If the wound is heavily infected and the location is deep, the surgeon may need a second operation to clean the wound: ①Remove the sutures and open the wound; ②Test the wound pus or tissue to determine whether there is infection and Which antibiotic works best; ③Remove necrotic or infected tissue around the wound; ④Wash the wound with normal saline; ⑤Drain the pus if there is an abscess; ⑥Wrap the wound with a dressing and bandage soaked in salt water.

It may take days, weeks, or even months for the wound to clear the infection and eventually heal.

If the wound does not heal on its own, skin or muscle flap grafts may be required to close the wound.

Reference source: 1.
Surgical wound infection – treatment.
medlineplus.
gov 2.
Surgical Site Infections.
hopkinsmedicine.
org