Survive by eating the same kind! Scientists reveal secret seismodo

The "mystery of undead" has been discovered by researchers at Tulane University School of Medicine in the United StatesThey say cancer cells survive chemotherapy by devouring adjacent cells in a "similar-like eclipse." And this kind of similar residual behavior can provide the energy cancer cells need to survive and lay the foundation for tumor recurrence after chemotherapyThe paper was published september 17 in the journal Journal of Cell Biology (JCB)DOI: 10.1083 / jcb.201904051Why is breast cancer chemotherapy prognostic? chemotherapy drugsbreast cancer, such as doxorubicin, are largely used to kill tumor cells by destroying DNA, but such chemotherapy drugs often induce cancer to return after initial treatmentThe reason: The relevant chemotherapy drug retains copies of the TP53 gene in cancer cellsAfter chemotherapy, cancer cells do not die from DNA damage, but simply stop proliferating and enter the dormant aging patternthe relationship between retaining the TP53 gene and poor prognosis for chemotherapy? Having said that, you have to explain the "double-sided life" of the TP53 genemutant p53 picture Source: Reference s2, the most common mutant gene in human tumors is TP53- encoded TP53 proteinIt exists in two types: wild (wtp53) and mutant (mtp53)The difference between the two genes gives the two genes a different trajectory: wild is a cancer-suppressing gene known as the "cancer cell police", while the mutant type becomes a cancer-promoting gene that not only loses its anti-cancer effect, but also inhibits cell aging and apoptosis to deprive the anti-cancer response within the cell and help the development of cancerso that once the chemotherapy drug retains the p53 protein, there is a "first-line opportunity" for cancer cells to be reborn with a reserved form of p53 protein mutationthe paper's author, James GJackson, an assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Tulane University School of Medicine, told the media that chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer do not directly "kill" breast cancer cells with p53 activity, but rather put them into an aging stateAnd surprisingly, these aging cancer cells not only sustain life after chemotherapy, but also secrete large amounts of inflammatory molecules and factors that promote tumor regeneration This is why breast cancer patients with p53 activity generally have a low survival rate after chemotherapy how do aging cancer cells "come back"? understand the secret behind the poor prognosis of breast cancer chemotherapy If you want to improve its therapeutic effectiveness, you must understand how these aging cancer cells are "resurrected" the trial, researchers used fluorescent staining to find that after exposure to amycin or other chemotherapy drugs, aging breast cancer cells often "eat" nearby cancer cells to survive breast cancer senescent cells (green) in mice (green) devouring other cancer cells (red) Picture: Tulane University School of Medicine to the surprise of researchers, this "eating" process appears not only in petri dishes, but also in mouse trials And this is no longer a special reaction after chemotherapy for breast cancer, which has also been found in lung cancer cells and bone cancer cells! in addition, the researchers also found that although this is not the first time that cancer cells have been found to be "like-for-like", under the guidance of chemotherapy drugs, the incidence of such devouring peers and self-preservation is as much as four times higher than normal! after chemotherapy, senescent cells devour similar cancer cells, white arrows identify cells are swallowed and degraded Picture source: reference materials, further research again found the phenomenon of shock: after receiving chemotherapy, the aging cancer cells digested very strongly, "eaten" by the neighbor cancer cells will generally be digested within 30-92 hours, even if it is difficult to swallow, will be digested within a week! Moreover, the amount of food consumed by aging cancer cells is also staggering, not only devouring multiple neighbor cancer cells at once, but also "eating" the neighbor cancer cells that are proliferating at high speed Crystal A Tonnessen-Murray, a postdoctoral researcher at the James G Jackson Laboratory at Tulane University School of Medicine, , and colleagues conducted an in-depth study of the phenomenon and found that aging cancer cells activate a group of genes that are typically active in white blood cells that help them devour invasive microbes and cell fragments After "eating" their neighbors, these aging cancer cells fully digest them by transporting "eat" neighbor cells into the body's highly acidic lysosomes more important, the researchers determined that this "same-looking" phenomenon can help keep aging cancer cells alive after chemotherapy, and that the aging cells that eat their neighbor's cancer cells live much longer than those that don't The researchers speculate that this may be because "forced sacrifice" of neighbor cells provides them with the energy and materials they need to survive The Enlightenment of Potential Treatment
Dr James G Jackson Picture: Dr James G Jackson, of Tulane University School of Medicine, said in an interview that suppressing this kind of cancer-eating in neighbors may provide new ways to treat breast cancer But there are still some problems that need to be addressed, such as tumors being a complex mixture of cancer cells and matrix cells, such as blood vessels and immune cells, and it is not clear which cell types cancer cells that chemotherapy treats can devour The advantages of a phagocytic cell, and how it actually causes recurrence, require more in-depth examination , he added: So far, cancer cells have not been shown to swallow each other in breast cancer patients Because breast cancer is a kind of highly heterogeneous tumor, its histology morphology and genome differences are obvious, a large number of patient samples are needed to ensure the quality of research In addition, differences in the time span of patient treatment also determine the phenotypes of aging cells These problems are difficult to control in human patients In the next study, Dr James G Jackson will continue to test how to control the state of aging cancer cells to eliminate the adverse prognosis of drug chemotherapy, thereby giving patients better treatment references: s1- sath-induced senescent cancer cells engulf other cells to enhancetheir survival 2 smutant p53 as a guardian of the cancer cell s3 s To Persist Through, Cancer Cells Turn To Cannibal