Swallow fish boldly, clearly or take your life.

Fish has always been the darling of the table, but if you eat it the wrong way, sometimes it becomes a food safety problem. In addition to the throat will be stuck by fish stings, there are more dangerous situations to beware of - fish bile poisoning.
can be described as "Chinese characteristics", most of them occur in the provinces south of the Yangtze River, including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, in Southeast Asia and Japan and South Korea and other areas of Chinese culture. In the absence of special drugs, the mortality rate from fish bile poisoning was as high as about 20%, second only to pufferfish killers.
a few grams of bile can poison adults
fish of different species have different bile toxicity, and different people have individual differences, so the dose that eventually leads to poisoning is not the same. For the average adult, a few grams of bile can lead to poisoning, if it is 4 to 5 pounds of large fish, eat 1 fish bile can lead to poisoning.
, patients generally develop the disease quickly, with initial symptoms similar to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. However, liver and kidney damage may follow, followed by acute liver necrosis, kidney failure, cerebral edema, heart muscle damage and other serious symptoms, which eventually lead to death. Some patients although saved, but because of nerve damage, will lead to paralysis, urination incontinence, regret life.
as far as the legendary fish is in sight, it is even more dangerous. If bile drips into the eyes, it can lead to conjunctivitis and loss of vision. And this is good, once someone in the fish section accidentally broke the bitter guts, splashed into the eyes, and eventually led to blindness.
what exactly is the toxin in the fish's gut? Some cyanide or biotoxin was suspected in fish bile until the 1990s, when the Japanese first identified a toxic compound called carp sulphate from fish guts. At the same time, carp alcohol, dehydrated carp alcohol and other compounds were found in fish bile.
later studies confirmed that carp alcohol sulphate salts are the real culprits of fish bile poisoning. This substance is not afraid of heat, nor is it afraid of alcohol, so whether raw, cooked or sparkling wine, it can lead to poisoning.
In order to spread the legend of fish bile cure
the traditional Chinese medical books do record the efficacy of a variety of fish bile, such as heat, detoxification, bright, and even Zhuangyang and other roles, so there are often life swallowing fish bile treatment. At the same time, a variety of Chinese medicine books such as "herb outline", "thousands of gold square" and so on also clearly recorded fish bile non-toxic. Other Chinese medicine books, local medicine, folk examination will copy this information, and finally let the "fish guts non-toxic" has become common sense, and even some regular Chinese medicine doctors think so.
this is why there is a general lack of vigilance about fish bile, swallowing poisoning and even death. In fact, animal experiments have shown that fish bile has only a slight effect of coughing up sputum and lowering blood pressure, and the effect is not obvious. And compared with the toxicity of fish bile, eating fish bile to cure disease is completely "drinking to quench thirst". By the time you reach the so-called cure for fish bile, the dose of fish bile you take will already poison you. Moreover, raw fish bile is also at risk of parasitic infection, and even sparkling wine consumption does not guarantee that it will be okay.
fish bile all come from carp
but some scholars experimented with different fish bile and found that not all fish bile was poisonous. More than a dozen kinds of known toxic fish bile all come from the carp-shaped carp department, including the common grass mackerel and mackerel, mouth-to-mouth , group head(Wuchang fish) and so on. Therefore, it is dangerous to swallow the guts of any carp fish.
if sorted by toxicity, the most poisonous are mackerel, followed by herring, herring, mackerel, mackerel, mouth-to-mouth carp, grass fish. However, because the grass fish is large, bile, easy to buy, so 80% of the patients of fish bile poisoning are put down by grass fish.
As for after reading the scientific analysis or do not listen to the exhortation, would rather believe the so-called "old ancestral wisdom", still bent on eating fish bile people, it is recommended to choose the urchin, catfish. However, although the bile of these two species of fish will not be poisoned, but also easy to infect parasites, but also look forward to thinking twice.
In fact, we still have a misunderstanding about food, food is not medicine, treatment also have to find a professional doctor, the folk side is not reliable. If someone around them mistakenly eat fish bile, food poisoning symptoms, must hurry to vomit, wash stomach, and as soon as possible to the hospital to seek formal treatment.
Zhongkai (Ph.D., Food Safety)