Symbiotic bacteria "vaccine" can prepare immune cells for relative bacteria that cause meningitis｜《Science · Translational Medicine》

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By planting a related but harmless symbiotic bacteria in 26 healthy volunteers, the researchers made these volunteers have an immune response similar to that after vaccination against a dangerous bacteria.

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This first controlled infection study in humans showed that the strategy was safe because it did not report any side effects, and in the 90-day study, volunteers did not spread the symbiotic bacteria to their roommates
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Neisseria lactamica is a member of the upper respiratory tract microbiota normally found in children, but they can also be safely colonized in the respiratory tract of adults
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Some researchers speculate that these bacteria may serve as a vehicle for immunization by transporting molecules from more dangerous bacteria to the respiratory system
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However, the immune system is usually tolerant to commensal bacteria, and it has been difficult to deliver bacterial antigens through genetic engineering of Neisseria lactose
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However, Jay Laver and colleagues successfully modified Neisseria lactose to express Neisseria Adhesin A (Neisseria Adhesin A) as a vaccine antigen
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Neisseria adhesion factor-A is a protein derived from a related species called Neisseria meningitidis; Neisseria meningitidis can cause meningitis
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The team inoculated the genetically engineered Neisseria lactis into the nose of 26 adult volunteers, and it persisted in 86% of the subjects for 90 days
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This certain implantation can make plasma cells and memory B cells produce an immune response against Neisserial adhesion factor-A within 28 days, and the B cell response can last for at least 90 days after colonization
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There were no adverse reactions among the volunteers, none of them spread Neisseria lactose to anyone who slept in the same bed, and the bacteria could be eradicated after 90 days of antibiotics
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Laver et al.
concluded that their delivery system may have other uses, such as manipulating the respiratory microbiome or inducing immune tolerance to allergens
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