Take stock of the "highlights" of China's agricultural research in 2020

2020 is the year of the officials who will win the battle to build a well-off society in an all-round way and fight against poverty. Agricultural production continued to develop, the rural economy prospered in an all-round way, and farmers' lives improved significantly. Among them, the contribution of agricultural science and technology is great.
year, agricultural scientists did not stop their research, despite the impact of the new crown pneumonia outbreak. With excellent research and dedication to the spirit of agriculture, rural areas, farmers to bring fruitful scientific research results, in the field of hope to write a rich and colorful.
this end, this newspaper combed and counted the results of some important papers published by Chinese agricultural scientists this year, in order to win readers.The key Shanghai Jiaotong University professor Wang Wenqin team and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Molecular Plant Science Excellence and Innovation Wu Yongrui team
progress highlights: in-depth analysis of high-quality protein corn selection of genomic structure variation basis, a comprehensive excavation of potential hard endosperm modification factors. A number of candidate genes closely linked to the genetic locations of multiple endosperm modification factors were found, which have genetic characteristics such as structural variation and changes in expression levels. A molecular mechanism model to explain the formation of high-quality protein corn hard endosperm is proposed.
review: high-quality protein corn genome is constructed, and candidate genes with structural variation and expression differences are identified, which will promote the molecular marker development and molecular breeding of high-quality protein corn embryo emulsion modification factor.
related paper information:Jiang Caifu, a professor at the Main Agricultural University of China, said the team's
progress highlights: A corn anti-salt-alkali quantitative characteristic gene
was reported, which can regulate the steady state of sodium ions above ground in corn under saline stress, and revealed a new mechanism for regulating sodium ion stabilization under saline stress of EF-hand protein.
ZmNSA encodes a calcium ion binding protein containing the EF-hand domain and negatively regulates the expression of
and anti-salt-alkali response. Under saline stress, the concentration of calcium ions in the cell increased, calcium ion binding
and prompted it to be degraded by the 26S protease pathway, increased
and
expression, promote the root hydrogen ion excrete, thereby enhancing the activity of the mass membrane Na-H-reverse transporter SOS1, promoting the stability of sodium ions, and enhancing the tolerance of corn to saline stress.
: It reveals a new EF-hand protein decoding calcium ion signaling mechanism, analyzes its role mechanism in corn anti-salt-alkali response, and is an important achievement in the basic research field of crop anti-salt-alkali.
related paper information:Fu Chengdong, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and three laboratories jointly worked on the
progress highlights: the results of the study on the new mechanism of erythromycin signaling to improve rice yield and the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization were reported in the form of cover articles.
from rice varieties 93-11 carrying the "green revolution" gene
, a mutant with yield-specific (splitting) response to nitrogen was screened and cloned the key gene
, which controls the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer in rice.not only by mediated H3K27me3 histone modification to participate in nitrogen nutrition to promote plant growth and development process, but also with plant growth inhibitor DELLa protein, DELLA protein can competitively bind to erythromycin-mediated GID1 protein, inhibit erythromycin-mediated NGR5 protein degradation, and thus increase NGR5 protein stability.
Comment: This result finds a new breeding strategy that can not only increase yield but also reduce fertilizer input and reduce environmental pollution, which lays the theoretical foundation for cultivating green high-yield and high-efficiency varieties with "less input, more output and protects the environment", and provides genetic resources with the application value of breeding.
related paper information:Liu Jianquan, a professor at a major University of Sichuan, joined forces with North China University of Technology, Harvard University, Lanzhou University and other
highlights of progress: The study sequenced the genomes of aquatic plant representative species (shoals and goldfish algae) in two early evolutionary branches, revealing the complex evolutionary history of the early plants.
The five main evolutionary branches of the bedding plant - goldfish algae, water lilies (represented by the earthen), magnolias, single-leaf plants, and core geminel plants - experienced independent multiplication events in the early stages, and recently experienced a genome triple.
oil-free camphor and water lilies are, in turn, sister groups of other bedding plants, while goldfish algae are supposed to be sister groups of real gemine leaf plants. The study found that, in addition to hybridization, incomplete genealogy screening may be the main reason for the insoption between the main branches of gene tree or nuclear genome-chlorophyte genomic system development tree branch in the process of radiation differentiation of early bee plants.
Comment: This study provides a basic framework for clarifying the evolutionary order and habitat transformation of the main branches of the bee plant, and provides a basic framework for the study of the adaptive evolution of subsequent life trees, especially the adaptive evolution of aquatic bee plants and the doubleing of different groups, and provides evidence for understanding the early radiation evolution history of the bee plant.
related paper information: Cheng Feng, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Xu Weifeng, a professor at Fujian University of Agriculture and Forgology,
Progress Highlights: The chromosomal-level high-quality genome of the phosphorus-efficient model crop white feather fan beans was successfully assembled, revealing that the characteristics of the low phosphorus adaptation of white feather fan beans are associated with their gene expansion and subgenome advantages.
white feather fan bean experienced a genome-wide triple event similar to that of heterogenous polyhedr species such as the genus, resulting in subgengenic advantages. The self-carbon fixation, rooting development, soil phosphorus activity and internal phosphorus utilization of the four successive regulatory pathways of multiple related genes have significantly expanded and specific low phosphorus induced expression. Among them, the key gene of growth hormone steady state regulation is very important for root formation, and inhibiting its expression can greatly reduce root formation.
: This study has important reference value for the screening and cultivation of phosphorus-efficient crops.
related paper information: Guo Liang, a professor at the Main Central China Agricultural University, and Chen Lingling, a team of five units outside the United Nations, worked together to complete the
progress highlights: the completion of the high-quality reference genome of the oil crop Hohoba, and the analysis of the wax ester synthesis pathway in the Hohoba seeds.
of paraffin esters is mainly through lipid coenzyme A reductase FAR to reduce lipid coenzyme A to fatty alcohols. Then, under the role of wax ester synthase WS, fatty alcohol and lipid coenzyme A ester reaction to produce wax ester.
are mainly found in the seed's sub-leaf, while very little triglycerides are mainly found in the seed's embryo shaft. Transcription group analysis at different parts of the seed showed that the expression of the genes involved in wax ester synthesis in the sub-leaf was much higher than that in the embryo shaft. Differences in spatial expression of these genes may be the main reason for the significant distribution of wax esters and triglycerides in Hohoba seeds.
review: in-depth understanding of the Hohoba wax ester synthesis mechanism, for the Hohoba variety improvement provides a theoretical basis. The composition of fatty acids in high mustard rape seeds coincides with the substrate preference of the associated enzymes in Hohoba, which makes it possible to synthesize Hohoba oil in high mustard rape seeds.
related paper information: Duan Qiaohong, a professor at Shandong Agricultural University and a member of the
Progress Highlights at the University of Massachusetts at Amster, have discovered the molecular mechanism by which plants block multiple pollen tubes from entering the beads.
in the missing mutants of the FERONIA subject kinase, it is common for multiple pollen tubes to enter the same embryo bead. It turned out that FERONIA's subject kinase regulated the accumulation of low methylsteride gel in the silk, and then regulated the accumulation of nitric oxide induced by the first pollen tube in the silk.
Nitric oxide induces the pollen tube into the beads of the bait protein nitrosyl modification, on the one hand to prevent its secretion, on the other hand, it loses the activity of induced pollen tube, other pollen tubes therefore can not enter this "famous flower has the main" embryo beads.
Review: At the molecular and biochemic level, it is revealed how the embryo beads coordinate the two different and closely related biological processes of "pollen tube rupture" and "prevent multiple pollen tubes from entering the embryo beads", which provides important enlightenment for further study of the regulatory mechanism of the fertilization process of the plant.
related paper information: The team of Kong Fanjiang and Liu Baohui, professors at Guangzhou University, teamed up with Tian Zhixi, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
, to highlight the evolution and selection mechanisms of flowering during soybean domestication. Two key site to control the flowering period, Tof11 and Tof12, were excavated under long-sun conditions. These two bits have been gradually mutated and manually selected. Among them, tof12-1 functional deficiency mutation is strongly selected and quickly fixed in the cultivar, so that the flowering and maturation of the cultivated varieties are generally ahead of time.
tof11-1 functional deficiency mutation occurs after tof12-1 and is selected again on the genetic background of tof12-1, thus further shortening the flowering and fertility period of cultivated soybeans and improving the adaptability of cultivated soybeans.
Review: This study not only systematically confirms for the first time that light cycle flowering is the domestication of crop core, but also further improves the molecular regulation network of soybean light cycle under long sun conditions, expounds the genetic basis of soybean adaptation to high-latitude ecological environment, and also discovers the molecular mechanism of gradual evolution and selection of estogeneity genes in soybean domestication.
related paper information:
The team of Wang Yangdong, a researcher at the Subtropical Forestry Research Institute of the Main China Forestry Research Institute
progress highlights: the successful assembly of the world's first chromosomal-level map of the high-quality mountain heron genome, based on which to reveal the evolution of Changko species and its essential oil synthesis molecular mechanisms.
the low-cover genome sequencing was carried out on 47 representative species of 20 genus distributed in China, and the mixed tissue and flower transcription group sequencing of 16 genus 23 representative species were carried out. The key enzyme genes that regulate the synthesis of the main compounds of camphor and cangzi essential oils were
.
Review: This result reveals the evolution of monoazole gene family in camphor, effectively promotes the diversity and specificity of monoazole compounds in camphor plants, and guides the research of camphor genetic breeding, especially the accelerated molecular breeding process.
related paper information: Kong Ling, a professor at the Agricultural College of Shandong Agricultural University and chief expert of the wheat innovation team of the modern agricultural industry technology system in Shandong Province, made the team
progress highlights: the team cloned the main gene Fhb7, which is resistant to erythromycin for the first time from the wheat near-edge plant, and successfully transferred it to wheat varieties.
: The discovery of Fhb7 gene and the analysis of disease resistance mechanism are equally important for crop breeding such as rice and corn. As a rare gene for the improvement and innovation of grain crop quality, its popularization and application in the field of breeding will greatly improve the innovation level of crop quality resources in China and provide an important guarantee for the industry to improve its efficiency and ensure national food security.
related paper information: Key
development highlights such as Nanjing Agricultural University, University of Texas, Hassen Alpha Biotechnology Institute, Texas Agricultural University, etc.: The high-precision reference genome of all five heterogeneum four-fold cottons was constructed. The formation of these five species is a single origin, and after 20 to 600,000 years of natural evolution, gradually formed five cotton species. Among them, land cotton and island cotton after about 8000 years of independent artificial domestication, become the most important cultivation of cotton. The number and arrangement of genes did not change significantly in the 1.5 million years of hybridization, multipliation and evolution of different cotton species. In the process of artificial domestication in about 8000 years, the fiber length and quality of land cotton and island cotton have changed significantly.
review: For the first time, the genetic and supergenetic laws of the evolution and domestication of five polymediotic cottons have been revealed, while providing theoretical support and unique genomic resources for the improvement of cotton through interspecies hybridization, supergenetic breeding and gene editing.
related paper information:
Highlights of progress, such as Wang Ocean Team of South China Agricultural University, Institute of Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, etc.: 350 corn breeding materials were collected from the species bank and Chinese and foreign breeders, and esographic data of these 350 breeding materials were collected in four environments, including Hainan, Jilin and Hebei. The analysis found that in the process of modern corn breeding, both China and the United States have experienced convergence options towards lower spikes, fewer male spike branches, more compact leaf angles and earlier flowering periods, indicating the importance of the improvement of these four personality traits to the improvement of corn compactness.
The favorable allethics associated with the above four key traits increased significantly in frequency in Sino-American breeding materials over time, revealing the genetic basis for convergence of the four personality traits in the Sino-American breeding process, and confirming the importance of these places.
obtained 1,888 selected genomic regions in the modern corn breeding process, involving more than 5,000 functional genes, including a large number of key candidate genes to regulate corn impatiance and resistance.
review: This is a cross-breeding age, different countries of corn breeding selection law analysis, mining nearly a century of corn key agro-agro-characteristic improvement and yield increase of the genetic basis and key regulatory genes. The "breeding selection fingerprint" in the process of modern corn selection and breeding at home and abroad is analyzed, and the footprint of modern corn improvement is described.
related paper information: Cai Youming, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, teamed up with Fudan University, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forgiving University and other
progress highlights: By analyzing comparative experimental data from more than 2,900 groups of plant cultivation worldwide, it was found that increasing plant species diversity in agriculture, grasslands and forest systems can improve the abundance and feeding rate of predatory predators, the abundance and parasitic rate of parasitic predators, thereby reducing the natural and parasitic rates of pests and pests, and improving crop yield and quality.
in the farmland system, plants