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[Technical Index] GB 12518-1990
Quality requirements of bentonite for organic bentonite:
(1) The content of montmorillonite is more than 95%, and the sodium ion exchange capacity adsorbed between the crystal layers after modification is more than 90% of the total capacity
.
(2) Contain no or less (<5%) clay particle size calcite, quartz stone and other impurities
.
(3) Particles with a particle size of 2μm should account for more than 95%
.
(4) Montmorillonite is a low-layer charge type, and the layer charge unit half cell should not be greater than 0.
45.
Usually, montmorillonite with a layer charge of 0.
25 to 0.
40 with low lattice order is selected
.
The content of montmorillonite is ≥60%, the expansion ratio is greater than 8, the colloid value is greater than 95%, and the particle size is 200 mesh
.
④Pillared modified bentonite
Method a: Fe-Al preparing pillaring agents: synthesis using copolymerization, i.
e.
Preparation of hydroxy Fe-Al pillared bentonite: firstly mix the bentonite into 5% soil slurry, and then drop the above-mentioned pillaring agent into the soil slurry under constant stirring conditions to make (Fe+AI)/bentonite=10mmol /g, after dripping, continue to react for 2h, age at 80°C for 2d, then wash with deionized water until there is no Cl - , dry, activate at 105°C for 1.
0h, grind, and pass through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain hydroxyl FeAl Pillar bentonite
.
Method 2: TiO 2 modified pillared bentonite
.
Preparation of TiO 2 columning agent: Add 10 mL of butyl titanate to 30 mL of absolute ethanol , and stir it thoroughly for 20 minutes to form a transparent light yellow solution A; take another 25 mL of absolute ethanol and add 0.
5 mL to a concentration of 1 mol/L HNO 3 , mixed to obtain liquid B; drop A liquid into liquid B under rapid stirring to generate a transparent TiO 2 solution, and adjust the sol to a pH value of 1.
5 with 1mol/L sodium hydroxide .
Stir thoroughly for 0.
5h to generate a transparent solution, which is the TiO 2 columnar agent .
Preparation of TiO 2 modified pillared bentonite: take a certain amount of sodium hydroxide modified bentonite to prepare a soil slurry with a concentration of 4.
5g/L.
Method three: hydroxy iron pillared modified bentonite
.
Weigh 24.
⑤Intercalation organic bentonite
Method 1: Caprolactam intercalation with organic bentonite
.
Weigh-quantitative sodium bentonite in an Erlenmeyer flask, add water to make a suspension with a certain concentration, adjust the pH value and place it in a constant temperature water bath at 70°C and stir at constant temperature
Method 2: Carboxymethyl chitosan intercalated with bentonite
.
In order to overcome the shortcomings of carboxymethyl chitosan and bentonite in application, carboxymethyl chitosan is intercalated with bentonite to prepare a new, non-toxic, pollution-free and inexpensive heavy metal ion adsorption material
Preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan: Weigh 10 g of chitosan in a 1000 mL beaker, swell it with 100 mL of deionized water for 30 minutes, and stir and raise the temperature to 40°C
.
At the same time, add 100 mL of 5% hydrochloric acid solution to completely dissolve the chitosan, and then add 25 mL of 40% strong sodium oxide solution (1/5 of the total) to alkalize for 60 minutes
Preparation of intercalated bentonite composite material: prepare 5g sodium bentonite into a suspension with a content of 50%, stir for 10 minutes to fully disperse the bentonite, adjust the pH to 5, and then add hexadecyl in the amount of 2:1 Trimethyl bromide: ammonium and carboxymethyl chitosan
.
Stir and activate at a constant temperature of 70°C for 2h, then cool to room temperature, filter under reduced pressure, wash with distilled water, and filter again.
