Technical plan for biological control of important pests of vegetables in protected areas in 2021

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The main piercing-sucking pests such as whitefly, thrips, pest mites and aphids occur all year round.
The generations overlap, the amount of insects is large, the resistance is high, and the damage is heavy; the occasional plutella xylostella, cotton boll Insects, foodmate.
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The cultivation environment of the protected field is closed, the degradation of foodmate.
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The use of foodmate.
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In order to do a good job in prevention and control, this plan is specially formulated.
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Prevention and control goals　　The control and disposal rate of important vegetable pests in protected areas is over 95%, the overall pest control effect is over 80%, and the damage loss rate is controlled within 10%.
Compared with conventional control methods, the use of chemical pesticides is reduced by more than 50% to ensure vegetable production and product safety.
　　2.
Prevention and control strategies　　In view of the characteristics of the occurrence of vegetable pests in protected areas, the strategy of “real-time monitoring, early prevention, pre-control and post-control, and multiple strategies” is adopted, and based on techniques for reducing pest source bases such as healthy cultivation, physical isolation and ecological control, to release natural enemies and apply Biological pesticides are the main means to control the loss of pest damage below the level of economic damage.
　　3.
Scope of application　　This scheme is suitable for the prevention and control of vegetable pests in protected areas where temperature, humidity, light, ventilation and airtightness are well controlled.
　　4.
Main control technology　　(1) Insect source base control and healthy cultivation techniques　　1.
Clean the shed.
After the previous crops are harvested, the seedlings are pulled to clear the shed in time to completely remove the remaining branches, fallen leaves, fruit, weeds, bare roots, etc.
, and centralized harmless treatment outside the shed.
　　2.
Soil disinfection.
Before planting, evenly apply soil disinfectant to kill germs, and add beneficial bacteria fertilizer after treatment.
　　3.
Install the anti-insect net.
Set up a buffer room next to the shed, install 30-60 mesh anti-insect nets at the door and entrance and upper and lower vents to block the intrusion of pests.
　　4.
Disinfection of the shed.
After covering the insect-proof net, airtight fumigation or even spray the wall, shed film, and buffer room with medicament for 1-2 times, sowing or transplanting after 10-15 days.
When the shed is closed in summer, solar energy is used to carry out the high-temperature shed for 15-21 days.
　　5.
Plant functional plants.
Plant sesame, alfalfa and other nectar plants in the open space between the sheds that are conducive to the reproduction of natural enemy insects; plant celery, fennel and other repellent plants in the shed in front of the vents; or selectively interplant beans and other attracting plants to help intensively eliminate pests.
　　6.
Healthy cultivation.
Increase the application of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer; transplant robust seedlings that do not carry diseases and insects; reasonable fertilizer and water, reasonable dense planting and yield load; ground mulching to control humidity; application of amino-oligosaccharides, protein immune inducers, etc.
, to enhance plants Resistance to pests and diseases.
　　(2) Natural enemy release technology　　1.
Pest monitoring.
During the seedling stage and after planting, use color panels to monitor or visually observe the occurrence of pest populations, and adopt corresponding control measures when pests are found.
　　2.
Release technology　　(1) Control whitefly pests　　Pest types: greenhouse whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, etc.
　　Species of natural enemies: natural enemies such as Aphididae, Lygus, Amblyseius Tsukawa and other natural enemies.
　　Release technique: 15-20 days before planting, the planting bugs shall be released preventively once in the seedbed at a rate of 0.
5-1 head/m2; 7-10 days after planting, natural enemies can be released when the pests are detected.
The bee is released at a rate of 2000-4000 heads/mu, once every 7-10 days, and continuously releases 3-5 times; or A.
lygus is released at 1-2 heads/m2, continuously released 2-3 times, at an interval of 7 days Release once; or spray 100-200 Amblyseius Jinchuan/m2 on the leaves once a week for 3 consecutive releases.
　　(2) Prevention and control of thrips pests　　Pest types: Palm Thrips, Western Flower Thrips, Onion Thrips, Tube Thrips, etc.
　　Species of natural enemies: natural enemies of small flower stink bugs, cucurbita cucurbitae, Papanopsis sibiricus, and P.
sibiricum.
　　Release technology: 7-10 days after planting, natural enemies can be released when pests are detected.
Natural enemies of small flower stink bugs are released once every 7-10 days and continuously released 2-4 times at 500 heads/mu; or spread 100-200 heads/m2 of P.
sibiricum on the roots, and apply Bassin Xinxiaosui on the leaves at the same time 100-200 heads/m2 of mites or new small sei mites of Cucumber, released once every 2 weeks, continuously released 2-3 times.
　　(3) Prevention and control of harmful mites　　Species of harmful mites: Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus truncatus, Tetranychus urticae, etc.
　　Natural enemy species: Chilean phytoseiid mite, California new seiyid mites, courgette new seiyid mites, and pasta seiensis.
　　Release technology: 10-15 days after planting, if the harmful mites are detected, the predatory mites can be released.
The leaves are sprayed with 5-10 phytoseiid mites/m2.
When spotting occurs, the center plant releases 30/m2, which is released once every 2 weeks, and released 3 times.
Or release 300-500 new mites/m2 from the leaves of the new mites, released once a week, continuously release 3-5 times, or release one of the new mites of Pasteurella and the new mites of Cucumber, the release method Same as California new small seiusi.
　　(4) Control aphid pests　　Pest types: green peach aphid, melon aphid, pea aphid, radish aphid, etc.
　　Species of natural enemies: aphid cocoons, ladybirds, lacewings, aphid gall midges.
　　Release technology: 7-10 days after planting, natural enemies can be released when pests are detected.
The number of aphid cocoons is 2000-4000/mu, or the ladybug (egg) is 2000/mu, or the lacewing (cocoon) is 300-500/mu, or the aphid gall midge is 300-500/mu, Release once a week for 2-3 consecutive releases.
　　(5) Prevent and control lepidopteran pests　　Pest types: Plutella xylostella, beet armyworm, cotton bollworm, Spodoptera litura, etc.
　　Types of natural enemies: Trichogramma, beetle, semi-closed bee.
　　Release technology: 7-10 days after planting, natural enemies can be released when pests are detected.
Trichogramma is 20,000 heads/mu, or 20-30 heads/mu for cockroach, released once every 5-7 days, and released 3 times in a row; or half-closed bee is 150-300 heads/mu, every 5-7 days.
Release once every 10-20 days and release 1-3 times continuously.
　　(3) Biological pesticide control technology　　When the release of natural enemies cannot control the pests of the protected area, biological pesticides should be used for prevention and control.
The compatibility of biological pesticides and natural enemies must be determined before use to reduce their impact on natural enemies.
Whiteflies can choose mineral oil, Beauveria bassiana, veratrine, etc.
; harmful mites can choose mineral oil, matrine and other drugs; aphids can choose pyrethrin, pyrethrum·matrine, bitter Medicines such as ginseng, rotenone, and Metarhizium anisopliae; for thrips, you can choose spinosad, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae; for lepidopteran pests, you can choose Bacillus brevis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Neem Drugs, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, etc.
　　Source: National Agricultural Technology Center