The accident is the result of a violation of the SOP (4)

(5) Human unsafe behavior is the root cause of laboratory accidents

There is a strong correlation between human behavior and human psychological activities and physical conditions

Human unsafe behaviors are divided into unconscious unsafe behaviors and conscious unsafe behaviors

Unconscious unsafe behavior is caused by people's psychological, physical, education, training, management, knowledge, technology, and social environment, etc.

Conscious and unsafe behaviors have the characteristics of stubbornness and habituation, which are very harmful, such as opportunism, cutting corners, eagerness for quick success, eagerness for success, harming others, selfishness, self-interest, self-interest, disregard for others, etc.

1.

It can be said that fear of harm or wide-ranging is the mentality that every normal person will have, which is the original characteristic of natural attributes

Tracing back to the source, ignoring life is actually opportunistic, risky, and fluke mentality at work.

Ignoring my own life and health, there are many people in the chemical laboratory

The following is a typical liability accident caused by the existence of opportunistic psychology, risk-taking and fluke mentality

The doctor took the following responses based on the raw materials already on hand:

2KMnO _.

According to the operating procedures for preparing chlorine, set up the equipment, see diagram 2-10

Figure 2-10 Schematic diagram of the equipment for preparing chlorine

In the above set of devices, the function of the safety bottle is to prevent the concentrated sulfuric acid from being sucked directly into the front reaction bottle, and it will react violently when contacting potassium permanganate and cause an explosion.

The direct cause of the explosion is that concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with potassium permanganate to form an oily liquid manganese heptaoxide that is more oxidizing and explosive than potassium permanganate:

2KMnO ₄ +2H ₂ SO ₄ =Mn ₂ O ₇ +2KHSO ₄ +H ₂ O

The produced manganese heptaoxide is very unstable and can cause decomposition and explosion when heated, and decompose into manganese dioxide and oxygen (may contain a small amount of ozone):

The indirect reason was that the party violated the operating procedures and failed to build a safety bottle

Accident qualitative: opportunistic, lucky, violating operating procedures, taking risky actions, belong to safety responsibility accidents

2.

Figure 2-11 Reagent bottle without label

When adjusting the R&D project team or personnel changes, it is often necessary to relocate the laboratory

Figure 2-12 Screenshot of surveillance video during a fire

3.
Anxious for quick success, eager for success

Accidents in laboratories are due to violations of SOPs.
The eagerness for quick success and the eagerness for success often violate science and are prone to accidents
.
The following is a laboratory explosion accident related to the eagerness for quick success and the eagerness for success
.

A researcher exploded while doing the transposition of 2-ethyl formate pyridine oxide
.
The chemical reaction formula is as follows:

The previous step is to oxidize 380 g of ethyl 2-formate pyridine with m-CPBA.
After the reaction is completed, post-treatment is performed and column purification is performed
.
Concentrate the fraction with a rotary evaporator, and the product (oxide) is left in the eggplant-shaped bottle in the form of a semi-solid viscous substance
.

The next step is to carry out the metathesis reaction of the nitrogen oxide (semi-solid) and phosphorus oxychloride (liquid), facing the question of which one to add to which
.
Unless it has been confirmed that the solid-liquid mixing does not produce heat or very little heat (the empirical value is that the temperature rise does not exceed 3°C), the correct feeding sequence is: solids must be added to liquids, and liquids cannot be added to solids
.
Because the former is conducive to heat dissipation, the latter method is easy to gather heat and cause flushing or explosion
.
In addition, unstable or active materials should be added to stable or mild materials
.
For example, add concentrated sulfuric acid slowly to water, but not add water to concentrated sulfuric acid
.
If the order of addition is reversed and the liquid is added to the solid, the danger is obvious
.
The degree of risk is mainly determined by the inherent reaction characteristics of each reactant, and is also related to the size of the amount.
In the case of a small amount, there will generally be no serious consequences.
The larger the amount, the greater the risk
.
Of course, it is also related to factors such as ambient temperature, feeding speed and stirring speed
.

When the R&D personnel fed 15g of ethyl 2-formate pyridine for a small test, for convenience, the phosphorus oxychloride liquid was directly added to the semi-solid nitrogen oxide.
Although it violated the SOP, there was no natural temperature increase.
Danger occurs
.
For the nitrogen oxides produced by oxidation of 380 g of ethyl 2-formate pyridine, 1200 mL of phosphorus oxychloride needs to be added to carry out the translocation reaction.
This is a very large number of reactions, and its risk is a different matter.
Once experience, take the same sequence of operations for granted
.
However, taking the semi-solid viscous nitrogen oxide out of the eggplant-shaped flask little by little and adding it to the reaction flask containing phosphorus oxychloride is a time-consuming and unwieldy trouble after all.
Considering that there has been a smooth and safe reverse feeding operation of the sample before, the eagerness for success and the greed for convenience exceeded the safety bottom line of the standard operation, so the R&D personnel once again poured the phosphorus oxychloride solution directly into it.
In an eggplant-shaped bottle filled with nitrogen oxides
.
In addition, the semi-solid viscous appearance conceals the inherently explosive and hideous features of nitrogen oxides
.

When the 1200mL phosphorus oxychloride was about to be added , bubbles were first seen, and then a large amount of gas was released.
The person involved immediately put the eggplant-shaped bottle in a fume hood, and a strong explosion occurred as soon as the cabinet door was pulled down.
The cabinet door was explosion-proof.
The glass shattered to the ground, the door frame was deformed, and the fume hood was in a mess
.
Afterwards, the person in charge of the project team described the explosion: very violent and extremely lethal
.

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