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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > The AIDS "global vaccine" test is on the go

    The AIDS "global vaccine" test is on the go

    • Last Update: 2021-02-26
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    scientists have been working for decades to develop an effective AIDS vaccine.
    an experimental vaccine against HIV will begin Phase III clinical trials later this year, targeting more strains than any other HIV vaccine developed so far. The new vaccine, which incorporates genetic material from HIV strains from around the world, appears to have the most lasting effect compared to other vaccines that have been tested in humans.
    the vaccine's developer, Janssen, a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson, says it is a "mosaic vaccine" that stitches together genes from different HIV strains to target a broader HIV-induced immune response. The vaccine has achieved good protection in animal experiments and has been tested for safety in human trials.
    -scale trials of mosaic vaccines in humans have shown that they can boost immune responses, such as allowing vaccinators to produce antibodies against HIV. Starting in September, scientists will test thousands of people to see if the vaccine can prevent HIV infection. The third phase of the trial will test the vaccine on transgender people as well as gay men in the Americas and Europe.
    , according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, these groups are particularly affected by HIV -- about two-thirds of new infections in the U.S. occur in gay and bisexual men. Recently, at the 10th International AIDS Society meeting in Mexico City, the team responsible for the trial discussed the project.
    Susan Buchbinde, an epidemiologist at the University of California, San Francisco, who is involved in the Mosaic vaccine research, said adding an effective HIV vaccine to the arsenal could protect people from infection.
    prevention methods, such as PrEP, which requires one pill a day, can be difficult to sustain, said Jorge Sánchez, an epidemiologist at the Centre for Technology, Biomedical and Environmental Research in Lima, Peru, one of the sites where the mosaic vaccine was studied. He says a few injections every other year may be a good option for high-risk groups.
    the development of effective vaccines has been one of the scientific community's relentless pursuits since AIDS began more than 30 years ago, but progress has been slow. One of the main challenges is the amazing diversity of HIV. Dan Barouch, a virologist at Beth Israel Deacon Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, says scientists have so far made little progress in developing vaccines against so many pathogens.
    , more than 100 HIV vaccines have been tested in humans over the past 30 years, but only one has shown protective effect.
    2009, researchers announced the results of a study in Thailand that showed participants were nearly 60 percent less likely to be infected with HIV than those who received a placebo shortly after being vaccinated. But that effect subsided within a year. At the end of the three-and-a-half-year study, vaccinators were only 31 percent less likely to be infected with HIV.
    small-scale laboratory tests of the mosaic vaccine showed that after the use of the vaccine, the vaccinator developed a strong immune response for at least two years. Guido Silvestri, an AIDS researcher at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, said the reactions appeared to be longer-lasting than those observed in the Thai vaccine trial.
    Walker, director of the Lagon Institute in the United States, says the vaccine has outperformed other candidates in animal trials, but the real question is whether it is effective, how effective it is and how long it lasts.
    the latest mosaic vaccine trial will recruit 3,800 participants from eight countries, including Argentina, Italy, Mexico, Poland and the United States. Half of the participants will receive four vaccinations in a year and the other half will be given a placebo.
    the vaccines contain a live common cold virus that carries a synthetic version of three HIV genes. The researchers constructed these genes based on sequences of HIV strains found in many parts of the world. To help vaccinators produce HIV antibodies, the team added two synthetic proteins to the last two doses of the series -- based on hiv strains common in Africa, the Americas, Europe and Oceania. Barouch says the combination of this "protein boost" makes it a truly global vaccine.
    mosaic vaccine team hopes their vaccine will help protect at least 65 percent of the study participants and get results by 2023.
    some researchers have reservations about the mosaic vaccine. "HIV mutates rapidly, which may hinder any immune response triggered by the vaccine." Tom Hanke, an immunologist at the University of Oxford in the UK, said. To solve this problem, he is trying to create a hybrid vaccine that incorporates HIV proteins that are less susceptible to mutation.
    , an HIV researcher at the University of Manitoba in Canada, believes finding an effective vaccine will take longer than a mosaic vaccine. Ma Luo praised their efforts. Whatever the outcome, she says, the lessons learned from human trials are valuable.

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