The application of cellulose enzymes is progressing.

cellulose is the most abundant renewable
organic
resource on earth, and its biodegradation is entirely done by
microbial
-- bacteria and
fungi

1, fungi: secrete extracellulose cellulase, hydrolyzed enzyme mechanism and
oxidase
mechanism to degrade cellulose.
2, bacterial cellulose enzyme is to form a multi-enzyme complex structure and play a role in more thorough and effective degradation of natural cellulose.
the complete degradation of cellulose requires synergy of three types of enzymes: inchese glucosinase, externally cut glucosin fiber disglytic hydrolyzed enzyme, B-glucosidease.
, cellulase research hot spots are:
1, cellulose as an additive to produce fully degradable plastics. The problem is that it is difficult to obtain high-yielding and fully active engineering bacteria, and the secretion and expression system of cellulase
gene
clonal
yeast
is a hot topic of research at present.
2, the extraction of active ingredients of Chinese medicine. The active ingredients of plant medicine are often wrapped in cell walls, and cellulase can destroy cellulose in cell walls and improve the extraction rate of active ingredients.
3, cellulase mechanism.
cellulase is divided into C1 enzyme, CX enzyme and fiber glycosin according to the way the enzyme works. C1 enzymes act mainly on natural cellulose, transforming it into amorphous cellulose. CX enzyme is divided into CX1 enzyme and CX2 enzyme. CX1 enzyme is an internally broken cellulose enzyme that acts on the β-(1,4) glycoside bond from the hydrated amorphous cellulose molecule to produce fibrous dextrysin and fibrous desaccharides. CX2 enzyme is an externally broken cellulose enzyme that actes on the β-(1,4) glycogen bond from the non-reductive end of the hydrated cellulose molecule, gradually cutting off the β-(1,4) glycogen bond to produce glucose. Fiber glycosins act on fibrous glycase to produce glucose (He Mingqing, 1994).
The mechanism of adding cellulase to animal feed is:
1) It can break the wall of plant cells to expose the intracellular protoproteins, further degraded by endogenous enzymes, so in addition to cell walls are degraded to provide energy, but also improve the digestion rate of intracellular substances, thus effectively improving the effective energy value of the feed. It can supplement the deficiency of endogenetic enzymes in herbivores. Although there is a certain amount of microorganisms that can break down cellulose in the stomach of herbivores, a certain amount of cellulose can be decomposed, but the amount of cellulose enzyme produced is limited, and the addition of cellulose enzyme preparation can significantly improve the digestion utilization rate of herbivores to coarse fibers. In addition, for single-gastric animals, cellulase improves the digestive tract environment and increases acidity to activate the
protease
.
2) Eliminate anti-nutrition factors. Adhesive, hemiculose, glucosaccharides and pyromeric parts dissolved in water to produce viscosity, increasing the viscosity of animal gastrointestinal contents, for endogenous enzymes is a physical obstacle, resulting in reduced feed digestion and absorption utilization rate, while viscous digestive tract contents easily cause the breeding of harmful microorganisms, increase the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. The addition of cellulase can reduce viscosity, promote the diffusion of endogenous enzymes, enhance the digestion and absorption of nutrients, increase the mobility of intestinal contents, effectively reduce the possibility of harmful microorganisms adhere to breeding.
3) Feeding cellulose enzymes have the effect of increasing weight gain in livestock and poultry and reducing the meat ratio, but also because cellulase enzymes themselves are a polyenzyme complex composed of proteases, amylase, globulinase and cellulase. In this multienzyme complex, the product of one enzyme can be the substrate of another enzyme, allowing digestion in the digestive tract to proceed smoothly. That is to say, cellulose enzymes, in addition to directly degrading cellulose, promote its decomposition into low molecules
compounds
that are easily digested and absorbed by animals, but also work with other enzymes to improve the breakdown and digestion of feed nutrients in livestock and poultry.
cellulose enzyme also has the function of maintaining the integrity of small intestine fluff form and promoting the absorption of nutrients.
4. The application of cellulase in the aquaculture industry
4.1 cellulosease in ruminants in the normal structure of the microbiome of the tumor stomach, the addition of cellulase can improve the enzyme strength of crude fibers and other nutrients with several times the efficiency, improve the level of digestion and absorption. When pathological changes occur in the tumor stomach, i.e. the microbial system loses its balance and enters the decay process, the highly active cellulose enzyme can quickly adjust the microbial system structure and restore the equilibrium relationship and normal enzyme, absorption and synthesis process.
.