The brain capacity of adults has long been stereotyped.

Search for "seahorse neurogenesis", Baidu medicine title and precisely match the paper there are nearly 300, these years of accumulated research conclusions, facing the possibility of becoming waste paper "disaster", because its common research basis may be a false proposition - recently, the journal Nature published a joint study of the United States and China showed that the human brain in adulthood almost no longer produces neurons.
team analyzed the hippocampus tissue of 59 human individuals, used fluorescent antibody proteins to label specific proteins in cells at different differentiation stages, and used electron microscopes to find slender young neurons.
they found young nerve cells that cannot be detected in adult hippocampus tissue.
, your ability to learn and remember, commonly known as "brain capacity", has long been stereotyped, and it is almost impossible to "open the brain hole" through external stimulation.
unlike ordinary cells, highly differentiated nerve cells were once considered non-renewable at the beginning of modern neurology, and the use of a new marker molecule in 1998 allowed scientists to "capture" signs of the development of young nerve cells in the hippocampus back to the brain.
this discovery, which was later proved repeatedly, supported a large number of applied research, and led to the output value of billions of yuan of special pharmaceutical field.
suffered more than a few hundred papers, and decades of scientific research based on hippocampus, as well as efforts to improve neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, etc.) through nerve cells, would be dealt a blow from the ground.
the results were published, they were also questioned from many sides.
amid the controversy, let's see how scientists are looking for a "new generation" of nerve cells. How persuasive are these methods? The swinging historical nervous system is "to god" or has "autonomy" to "end the development, the source withered.
" Is said that at the beginning of modern neurology in the 19th century, scientists concluded by observation that the regenerative capacity of nerve cells did not accompany life, but rather discontinued it.
's new findings in 1998 reversed the "good fortune" of the nervous system, which was previously thought to be "god-to-god", with possible autonomy.
literature shows that Erickson and Gaga, among others, used BrdU (5-brominated dnay nucleosides) to mark cells in the fission split period, and found that there was cell proliferation in the hippocampus tooth back in the brain of adults, and that most of the new cells differentiated into neurons.
"injected BrdU into laboratory mice, which can be embedded in the genome that the new cells are replicating as they proliferate, thus marking the new cells.
" Explained by Lu Zhong, a researcher at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, that BrdU is a similarity to thymus nucleoside (T) in DNA that, when introduced into cells, can penetrate into new cells produced by division.
, therefore, BrdU tests whether new cells are produced by ingesting and utilizing new substances in cell division.
BrdU was discovered as a new marker, making up for the obvious disadvantage of its "predecessor" 3H-thymus nucleosides, no longer only soaking in 3-4 microns at the top of tissue slices, but instead penetrating into the cells that multiply or divide.
later, Ki67 was found to be used as a marker.
Ki67 is a protein that is specifically expressed in the cell cells, and is not expressed in the early stages of G0 (cell cessation of division) and G1 (cell proliferation preparation period) in the cell life cycle. "Although the role of the Ki67 protein is not fully known, it is a reliable marker, "
.
" the literature suggests that Ki67 is an endogenous protein with the advantage of being harmless to living cells over BrdU.
the third marker to be introduced, called DCX (Double Derpout), a protein that is specifictoy of neuroprecursor cells and newborn neurons.
" can be used to identify early, immature neurons, which studies show are expressed two weeks before the new neurons appear.
" Lu said it is expressed in the cytoplasm, so it can be supported by markers such as BrdU in the nucleus and become a "good partner" for double markers.
" the study, published in Nature, used a joint marker of proteins specific ally in several new neurons.
, " Lu said, including DCX, PSA-nerve cell adhesion factors and so on.
the most difficult thing is that sampling the vast majority of human brain tissue does not come from the scientific debate caused by the new study, and most of the questions come from whether the team's choice of samples really reflects the true state of human living.
"systematic invasive experiments with humans are impossible to carry out, and the vast majority of studies of human brain tissue are not living.
, " says Mr. Lu, which means that almost all of the subjects came from the stored samples.
samples from the bio-sample bank, which refers to brain tissue obtained by surgery from a corpse or patient, standardizedly treated and stored in liquid nitrogen or folmarin.
"Current processing and preservation techniques may not be able to keep all the proteins in the brain intact."
" Lu said that some living organisms only have cell signaling substances and pathways, it is likely to be fleeting.
experiments on model animals and samples may not be able to obtain consistent results in a comprehensive and conclusive manner. The reason
is that the sample is only the closest to life, and it does not equal life, and brain research may be the "exception" to this closeness.
"cannot detect live neural events, but simply study proteins in the brain after death", is an important reason why peers are skeptical of the credibility of this type of research.
However, the 22 brain samples they studied did not actually process and freeze and thaw, but instead fresh samples from patients undergoing epilepsy surgery, the same experiment sfound large numbers of new cells in brain tissue in three infants, with fewer children and zero adults.
" the evidence chain for this study is complete.
" Lu China believes that the experimental logic is meticulous and clear.
While it's not easy to embrace research that has upended decades of cognition at once, and even researchers are hesitant, the integrity and persuasiveness of the experiment is consistent with the research criteria.
and the truth is still a long way from expecting more ground-breaking markers and research methods to emerge" and "no signs of nerve cells occurring in the brains of adult whales and dolphins."
" Lu china said, this may also be unique to high-intelligence creatures, is the biological evolution to a certain extent of choice.
neurogenesis is different from nerve regeneration, it does not refer to the repair of the nervous system after damage, but refers to "the process of neurostemcell gradually differentiation into precursor cells, then immature cells, and then become new neurons."
the relevant data, found that most of the brain's neural occurrence experimental research is based on animal experiments.
, for example, a review paper entitled "Progress in Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus" states that some of the factors associated with the development of nerves in the hippocampus are associated with neurogenesis in the hippocampus, but most of the supported studies are based on the findings of the study of mouse or animal models.
" there are huge differences between different species, and even different individuals are very different.
" Lu said the direct study of human samples was a useful attempt compared to a large number of animal experiments.
and from the findings of the study of model animals to the point where clinical studies can guide humans, the distance may be well over 108,000 miles.
although there is only one truth, but Lu China believes that the process of exploration is in the twists and turns of the progress, the new theory needs to be further verified.
" the validation of life science is the process of constantly discovering innovation and subverting cognition.
" Lu said he expects to discover more, ground-breaking and recognized markers and research methods in the future to increase the credibility of research on nerve cell activity in the brain.
Source: Science Daily.