The chemical material behind "TianQ 1". 　

"Day and moon? Lexin An Chen?" This is the poet Qu Yuan in the Warring States period in the "Question of Heaven" verse.
July 23 at 12:41, the "TianQ 1" probe, which is responsible for China's first Mars exploration mission, was successfully launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province, opening a magnificent journey to Mars and continuing to search for Qu Yuan's questions 2,300 years ago.
this is not only the first fully autonomous Mars exploration mission in China, but also a new milestone in the field of deep space in China.
, what new chemical materials played an important role behind the successful launch of the Sky Question 1 probe?
the cape to escort: heat-resistant composite materials
aerospace materials and technology research institute according to the shape of the detector, different parts of the aerodynamic load and heat flow density of different, "tailored" developed three kinds of heat-resistant composite materials.
they used ultra-lightweight honeycomb-reinforced low-density ablation-resistant materials for the Mars rover in the large bottom structure and large bottom corner where the probe is most heated, continuous fiber-reinforced medium-density anti-heat material spent on the upper and lower edges and structural support areas where the probe's overall shape needed to be maintained, and heat-coated materials in the resting of the carrier where pneumatic heating is more moderate.

honeycomb-enhanced low-density ablation-resistant material is a common material for space detectors.
the Mars rover is using a new ultra-lightweight honeycomb-enhanced low-density ablation-resistant heat-resistant material.
this material is more intense and dense, it can be optimized to be designed according to the aerodynamic load distribution, making the detector more lightweight when it is guaranteed to withstand more stringent pneumatic loads.
integrated molding technology makes the entire probe's large-bottomed structure very integrated, ensuring its structural stability in the course of its journey to Mars to withstand high and low temperature interchanges.

the quality of the "Sky Question 1" detector can not be too large, which means that the heat-proof structure and the quality of materials need to be compressed as much as possible.
here is the use of continuous fiber-reinforced medium-density heat-resistant materials.
the material is mainly used as the probe large bottom and back cover heat-proof structure of the cover, sealing ring, buried parts, plugs and other components, than the low density material strength is higher, taking into account the corrosion resistance and carrying capacity.
the material uses the SPQ fiber reinforcing system consisting of three-cell fibers, and introduces the lightweight filler into the pre-immersion material of continuous fiber-reinforced, thus realizing the lightweighting of the continuous fiber-reinforced ablation-resistant material.

unlike the probe's large bottom facing the Martian atmosphere, the back cover structure is relatively low on the side of the lander.
the ultra-low density anti-heat coating material developed by the Institute of Aerospace Materials and Technology, and the basic thermophysical properties have reached the international advanced level.
this material not only has excellent insulation, but also plays an important role in the weight loss of the lander.

the structural thermal matching between the above materials should also be considered.
3 heat-resistant materials require good structural thermal matching and integrity with the detector's internal structure.
through engineering calculations, numerical simulations and necessary ground tests, the researchers analyzed the structural changes of the three materials in the space environment of extremely low and high temperature intersecting, and then optimized the correction according to the experimental results, so that they could "co-operate" in the vast space, so that they could "co-operate" in the vast space, to escort the safe arrival of the detector and the smooth landing. the production of

insulation materials has been directly supported by chemical enterprises.
According to Henan Energy and Chemical Group Puyang Green Yu new material Zhang Jianxun, in cooperation with the development of China's first Mars rover, Green Yu new material in accordance with the project requirements of the material lighter, performance more stable and other specific indicators, strengthen research and development, strengthen production process control, improve the frequency of quality control, so that product quality strictly control in 6 to 7 kg / cubic meters, less than conventional products 30%.
material sound absorption, insulation, porosity and other indicators are better than the specified standards, performance reliability, application support of professional, has obtained the cooperation of China Southern Airlines super insulation materials laboratory, space equipment production and other units of recognition, for the partners to further modifie products, reduce the thermal expansion coefficient of the material, improve the dimensional stability of the wide temperature range to provide protection.

help editing by the wind and waves: the power system
to fly to Mars, and having the power to break through the speed of the second universe is a prerequisite for breaking away from the Earth's gravity.
the "Tianq 1" probe is the Long March 5 remote four launch vehicle, it has a powerful power and amazing speed.
the Space Science and Technology Group's six-yard for the Long March 5 remote four launch vehicle development and production of a total of 30 sets of engines, including 8 120 tons of liquid oxygen kerosene engine, 2 50 tons of hydrogen and oxygen engines, 2 9-ton expansion cycle engines and 18 as auxiliary power of the position control engine.

as China's first Mars exploration mission, "TianQ 1" probe will be a launch mission, to achieve the Mars "around, landing, patrol" three objectives.
to assume the responsibility of Mars patrol exploration, complete a 90-day mission, "TianQ 1" probe in addition to carrying a variety of precision detection instruments, the most important is the energy supply, it is related to the Mars rover's "life and death."

, the Sky Question 1 probe is equipped with an "expandable flexible solar cell system based on the shape-memory polymer intelligent composite structure".
the system mainly includes the shape memory composite locking release mechanism developed by Harbin University of Technology, the shape memory polymer composite material can be expanded beam and the Shanghai Space Power Research Institute developed flexible solar thin-film battery.
the system based on the theory of composite mechanics, structural refinement design and shape memory polymer composite structure can realize the functions of locking, release and expansion of flexible solar cells, as well as high stiffness carryable after expansion.

the protective layer of the random strain: organic thermal-controlled coating
"Tianq1" probe in the Earth's atmosphere outside the ultra-high vacuum space environment, facing the sun's surface temperature is very hot, the back to the sun surface is very cold, resulting in a very large temperature difference on the spacecraft.
therefore, in order to ensure that the "Sky Question 1" probe can maintain normal operation in extreme environments, Our country has adopted a variety of ultra-sophisticated manufacturing technologies and high-tech materials, so that it can better adapt to the complex environment of space.

if the surface temperature of the spacecraft exceeds the appropriate range of use, the instruments and equipment carried by the spacecraft will be easily damaged, or directly stop working, so in order to ensure that the surface temperature of the instrument equipment in a normal working state, the spacecraft needs thermal control.
that means a strainable protective layer is required to protect the spacecraft's normal operation.

in general, the researchers regulated the thermal balance temperature by using coatings on the outer surface of the spacecraft with different solar absorption and thermal radiation rates to ensure that they operate at the appropriate operating temperature.
organic thermal control coating developed and produced by Shanghai Organic of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is a material that meets the thermal control needs by regulating the temperature of the spacecraft and the surface of the instrument.

this coating has emerged since the birth of China's first man-made satellite, "Oriental Red One", through decades of development, has developed dozens of different uses of organic thermal control coating.
series of satellites has also used the organic thermal control coating developed and produced by Shanghai Organic to protect the normal operating temperature environment of spacecraft.

the Shanghai Silicate Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also undertaken the development of high-temperature multi-layer insulation materials, conductive low-absorption spokes than flexible film secondary surface mirror, anti-static low-absorption radiation ratio of flexible film secondary surface mirror and other materials.
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