The detailed construction treatment of roof waterproofing engineering nodes

The node detail structure of roof waterproofing project is an important part of waterproofing project, the leakage of roofing often comes from the above-mentioned parts, in addition to the construction factors, it is particularly important to do a good job of various detailed structure treatment and related technical design.
1 node detail structure
the roof waterproof engineering node is generally many and complex. Different structures, forms and materials, different designs,
Chinese
. Numerous nodes include: roof eaves, sky ditches, water drops, flood water, pressure top and waterproof engineering deformation seams, sub-seams, through waterproof pipes, pre-buried parts, access holes, construction seams, ground leakage and waterproof layer of the end and so on.
1.1 node design principle
1.1. 1 comprehensive consideration of structural deformation, temperature difference deformation, dry shrink deformation, vibration factors, node defense should be added additional layers to adapt to the deformation of the grass-roots level. In the construction of waterproof layer laying to empty paving method is appropriate, in the selection of materials can be high elasticity, high extension materials to do the corresponding treatment.
1.1.2 uses flexible sealing, anti-row combination, material and construction waterproof combination.
1.1.3 nodes should be designed with complementary multi-channel defenses such as coils, coatings, seals, rigid waterproof materials, etc.
1.1.4 to consider the overall defense capability. The focus is on the age of water resistance. For this reason, the performance index of the materials used on the node should be higher than that of other parts, especially the aging resistance is better.
In addition, since each building is not necessarily the same, individual design is still required, then the design of the node should be spiritual, that is, reference design principles and standards and combined with the specific situation and design, it is not appropriate to uniformly set the standard map.
1.2 main node design
according to the requirements of the national standard GB50207-94 (roof engineering technical specifications), the main node structure design is as follows.
1.2. 1 eaves
no tissue drain eaves sub-prefabrised and overall watering type. The end of the eaves is mostly embedded with sealing material. Design treatment: at the end of the eaves left a groove, the head pressed into the groove fixed, sealing material sealed tightly, on top of which can also be applied with cement mortar pressure.
1.2.2 eaves ditch,
ditch, trench design should determine the drainage slope mainly. In addition, for areas prone to deformation cracks, such as sky ditches, eaves and roof junctions with additional layers and empty shops, the width of the empty shop should be 200mm. The waterproof layer of the outer eaves seal should be fixed and sealed with cement mortar.
1.2.3 water drop, ground leak
water drop design to choose water drop fittings and water drop pipe diameter suitable for waterproof materials. There are grooves at the junction of the water drop and the base, and the sealing material is embedded. The height and slope of the water drop should be reasonably determined, and the drainage slope within 500mm range around the water drop is not less than 5%. Waterproof materials to choose paint is appropriate, to make a seam-free overall coating, and lay additional layers and waterproof layers.1.2.4 pan-water head
water treatment error is one of the causes of leakage, the current improvement of the practice is three:
(1) brick daughter wall water is not high, the roll head can be directly laid under the daughter's wall pressure, pressure should be waterproof treatment.
(2) wall as a brick wall, leave grooves, do not pick eaves. In the past, eaves often cracked, resulting in water seepage from behind the waterproof layer into the room. The current design, waterproof layer end slot fixed seal, groove from the roof to find the lowest height of the flat layer should not be less than 250mm, groove upper wall should also do waterproof treatment.
(3) wall is concrete, the end of the coil can be nailed with a metal bar and solidified with sealing material.
1.2.5 pressure top
in the past, the pressure top design is mostly brick-and-mortar mortar, or prefabribriited concrete blocks, poured concrete top practice. However, there are dry shrinkage, cracking and leakage. To this end, has been converted to metal pressure top or the use of synthetic polymer coil top treatment, with a view to improving the pressure top defense.
1.2.6 deformation
general deformation seam and high and low cross deformation seam. Deformation seam design: the seam should be filled with foam or asphalt linen, the upper fill cushion material, and with high extension, high strength coil cover. The top should be buckled with a concrete cover or a metal cover.
past, there was a high and low cross-deformation seam eaves approach, but the operation is difficult, is now also changed to coil sealing treatment, and metal cover plate to do external protection.
1.2.7 passes through waterproof pipes
through a variety of pipes, including protruding roof steam pipes, through bathroom pipes, through basements and cisterns through wall pipes, and so on. In order to prevent the concrete dry shrink and pipe around the cracks caused by leakage, the design must be around the pipe and concrete between the grooves, generally 20 X 20 (mm), filled with sealing material, and the root of the pipe pad high, to make 1/10 drainage slope, to help drain, and then do waterproof layer. Stretching out the roof waterproof layer pipe also requires the waterproof layer and pipe tied firmly, and then sealed with sealing paste. Basements, cisterns and toilets are waterproofed with casings, i.e. pre-buried casings when pouring concrete, and several water-stopping tablets are welded, and when the pipe passes through the casing, the ends are filled with sealing materials.
1:2.8 Entrance
with horizontal and vertical entrances and exits. Horizontal entrance and exit are mostly open to the horizontal access, the entrance and exit waterproof layer head should be pressed under the concrete step, waterproof layer of water should be provided with a wall. The roof vertical entrance and exit waterproof layer head should be pressed under the concrete pressure top ring.
1.2.9-point
common sub-seams have structural layer, looking for flat layer, rigid waterproof layer split seam. The sub-seam waterproof treatment can be sealed material inlay, empty roll, or gait treatment. Generally embedded sealing seam width of no more than 40mm, minimum not less than l0mm. Exposed split seams should be provided with an extra protective layer.
1. 2.10 Construction
waterproof concrete is generally not allowed to retain construction seams. In underground buildings, tanks and other projects can be left horizontal construction sewn into the wall. Construction sewing construction construction and material water-stopping construction seams, here but more narrative.
2 row steam roof, steam separation layer, separation, stripping and other aspects of the design 2.1 row of steam roofing
row steam roof is also known as "breathing roof." Because the insulation layer, looking for the flat layer water content is too large or soaked in the rain, and the above must be laid waterproof layer, easy to cause the insulation layer failure or waterproof layer drumming, affecting the quality. Therefore, roofing should be considered for exhaust roofing.
Row steam roof is designed to retain vertical and horizontal grooves or buried perforated tubes in the insulation layer, and to set up vertical drain holes (tubes) at the intersection so that the evaporated gas can be discharged into the atmosphere smoothly.
the exhaust channel formed by the left groove is 20 to 40mm, the exhaust pipe diameter is 25, and with the search for a flat layer of strated seams.
row steamway spacing should be 6m, vertical and horizontal settings, roof area every 36m2 should be set up a steam drain hole, steam drain hole should be waterproof treatment.
2.2 vapor
a waterproof layer called a vapor layer under the insulation layer. Insulation layer often has the construction to find the flat layer maintenance of residual water and waterproof layer failure of water seepage, etc. , in order to improve the quality of waterproofing, for certain conditions to design the vapor layer, the specification of the use of the layer of vapor layer has restrictions. In the area north of 40 degrees north latitude and indoor air humidity is greater than 70%, or other areas indoor air humidity is greater than 80% year-on-year, insulation roof can be designed to separate the vapor layer.
2.3 separation from
, also known as isolation, refers to the structural layer and waterproof layer between the protection layer to avoid the effects of deformation, the design of the isolation measures taken. Such as fine stone concrete rigid waterproof layer and the structure between the base set non-bonding isolation measures, or "detached roof." The material of the isolation layer is paper rib gray, low label mortar, sand layer. Plastic film, dry linoleum, etc.
To the building daughter wall, the wall because of the roof structure layer of the hot expansion and cold shrinking and tearing, the design should take into account the structure layer and daughter wall, the gap between the wall reserved, that is, to take the measure of separation.
between flexible waterproof material, metal waterproof material and rigid protective layer, between rigid waterproof layer and the base layer should be set up isolation layer to ensure that the waterproof layer is not damaged.
2.4 peeling
grass cracking, coil or coating film is stretched, the waterproof layer on both sides of the seam if the bond with the grass is too strong, waterproof layer can not cope with the extension and break. At this time, the waterproof layer on both sides of the seam needs to be peeled off, and the waterproof layer in the peeling area participates in the extension. The size of the peeling area is related to the bonding strength, and the firmer the bond, the more difficult it is to peel. The size of the peeling zone is directly related to the tensile strength of the material, and the higher the tensile strength of the material, the easier it is to peel and carry out.
3 roof slope design and sink area
if conditions, appropriately increase the slope of flat roof, to eliminate rainwater roof impermeable leakage is extremely beneficial.
3.1 roof slope is below 25%, coils should be used and paint should not be used.
3.2 structure to find slope refers to the side of the house panel elevated, its slope is 3%, such as the use of insulation materials to find slope, its slope is 2% to 2.5%.
3.3 roof width is greater than 18m should be used structure to find slope, especially under the roof panel ceiling decoration, more suitable for structural slope.
3.4 in the northwest rain-less areas, flat roof slope can be reduced appropriately, can be less than 2%. Floors below the five floors can be used for unsealed drainage.
3.5-day ditch,. The slope of the eaves is 1%, and the water drop difference in one-way length must not exceed 200mm.