-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cosmetic Ingredient
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Def as phosphate the joint site is usually used in two methods.
(i) P/0 value to determine P/0 value refers to the amount of inorganic phosphorus consumed by consuming one g of atomic oxygen in the process of oxidation phosphate, or the number of grams of ATP produced by consuming one g of atomic oxygen. The P/0 value essentially refers to the efficiency of phosphate during breathing.
The method of determining P/0 values is usually to add oxidized substrates, ADP, Pi, oxygen-saturated buffers to an airtight container, and then add mitochondrial system agents with phosphate oxide. The P/0 value can be calculated by measuring O2 consumption (available oxygen electrode method) and Pi consumption (or ATP generation) at the end of the reaction. In the reaction system to add different substrates, can measure the respective P/0 values, combined with what we know the order of transmission of the respiratory chain, we can analyze the approximate even part.
table 6-3 off-body mitochondrial P/0 ratio
can be seen from the table above that the P/0 value is a small number, because the mitochondrial's joint effect can not be fully played under ionosome conditions, so the actual ATP generation number can be considered to be the positive integer value they are close to.
comparison table (1) and (2), the difference between the respiratory chain transmission is between CoQ, the two ATP generation number difference of 1, so the atTP generation site must be between NAD→CoQ.
comparison table (2) and (3), the difference in respiratory chain transmission is between Cyt c, the two ATP generation number difference of 1, so this ATP generation site is between CoQ→Cyt c.
comparison table (3) and (4), the resulting ATP number is 1, the difference between the respiratory chain transmission is in Cyt c→Cyt aa3, so Cytc→a3 does not have an even part, and there is a joint between Cyt aa3→O2.
(ii) calculate whether the energy released by electron transfer can meet the needs of ATP synthesis based on the redox substation
Free energy released in the redox reaction between G'O and the standard redoxion level difference (E'O) of the reaction substrate and product The following relationships are: G'O, nF, E'O
n for the number of electron transfers in the redox reaction, and F for the Faraday constant (23.062 kC/g molecule volt, or 96500cus/g molecule).
1 g molecule ATP hydrolyzed to generate 7.3 kca of energy released by ADP and Pi, where the energy released during oxidation process is greater than 7.3 k, it is possible to generate a 1 g molecule ATP, that is, there may be a joint site, according to In the upper calculation, 7.3 kcal of energy can be released when n is 2, and the standard redox potential of the reaction substrate and the generator is changed by more than 0.1583V.
from Figure 6-11, it can be seen that in NAD→CoQ, Cyt b→Cyt c and Cyt aa3→O2 may exist in the joint site. It must be made clear that this calculation is based on the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reaction at a temperature of 25 degrees C, pH of 7.0, and the concentration of the reaction substrate and product is 1 g molecule, a condition that does not exist in the body. Therefore, this calculation can only be used for information purposes.
Figure 6-11 Changes in electron pairs during transmission
< >Figure 6-12 even part diagram
breathing The whole process of chain phosphate can be represented by the following equation
NADH, H, 3ADP, 3Pi, 1 / 2O2→NAD, 3 ATP-4H2O
FADH2-2ADP-2Pi-1/ 2O2→FAD-2ATP-3 H2O
