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    Home > Biochemistry News > Plant Extracts News > The development of lily embryo beads and the formation of blastocysts

    The development of lily embryo beads and the formation of blastocysts

    • Last Update: 2021-01-07
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    The development of lily embryo beads and the formation of blastocysts Lily flower material is relatively easy, and its sub-room is large and slender, the central axis tire seat, there are three sub-rooms, each sub-room has two columns of embryo beads. Lily embryo beads in the central axis arranged neatly, the living parts are consistent, in the production of
    slices
    , can be cut to six embryos on all sides at the same time, and easy to get the embryo beads cut more positive slices (sub-room cross-cutting, embryo-bead cutting). Therefore, lily room is commonly used as a material to observe the development of embryo drops and blastocysts.
    lily embryo beads are inverted embryo beads, and their blastocyst development type belongs to the shellfish type (four spore octa nuclei type), i.e. the four large spore nuclei participate in the development of the blastocyst. Although the mature blastocyst also has seven cells and eight nuclei, the chromosome multiply of each cell is different from that of wheat's common type blastocyst. This experiment took the permanent production of lily blastocyst in different developmental periods to observe, to understand the development process of the shellfish embryo, and to compare with the ordinary embryo blastocyst. At the same time pay attention to observe the development process of each part of the lily embryo beads, and further familiar with the basic structure of the inverted embryo beads.。 Observe the following periods of the lily room permanent production:(i) germ blastocyst mother cell period take the lily baby room cross-cutting film. First look at the full picture of the slice under a low-fold object lens. You can see the lily room cross-section near the circle, there are three sub-rooms. Only two embryo drops are seen on the cross-cutting surface in each room. The embryo bead is the fetal seat where it is born. A one-dimensional tube bundle is visible through the walls of the sub-room at the central depression of each sub-room, which is the central bundle (or back bundle).
    a dent in the outside of the sub-wall corresponding to it, here is the back stitch. Between the second room for the combination of two skins, the sub-room wall here also has a depression, for the abdominal stitches. There is also a one-dimensional tube bundle on the diaphragm in which the abdominal stitches are made, for the merged side bundle. The two skins are combined here and folded in to form a diaphragm between the sub-rooms. The diaphragm meets in the center to form a central axis. The embryo beads are born on the central axis. In the low-fold object mirror to recognize the lily room back stitches, abdominal stitches, diaphragm, center axis and sub-room. Then observe the development of the embryo beads on the central axis.
    this time, the embryo bead original base has begun to differentiate. There is an obviously large cell under the bead heart front (the future beadhole end) under the surface, which is the blastocyst mother cell.
    in some productions, the beads outside the base of the pearl heart can also be seen being formed, and a bead can be observed protruding. Move the part of the embryo bead in the production that needs further observation to the center of the field of vision and convert it to a high-fold object lens to observe the structure of the embryo droples in the early stages of development and the blastocyst mother cells. In the production, the size of the blastocyst mother cells is much larger than other beaded heart cells, and has a strong cytoste and relatively large nuclei, often visible in the nuclei of the cell 2-3 nuclei.(ii) the period of degeneration and division of the germ syringe (the period of large spore formation)the general production is a continuous slice of the lily room. The bead cut, which is more correctly cut and the parts more complete, should be found sequentially under the low-fold goggles, and then observed. At this time, the two layers of the beads have been developed, but at the end of the bead hole there is still a larger opening, the beads have begun to reverse. Switching to a high-fold object mirror to observe the development of the blastocyst, the blastocyst mother cells are undergoing a de-minus division process. After the first division, two nuclei of equal size are formed, and after the second nuclear division, four nuclei of equal size are formed.
    because lily blastocyst mother cell degeneration is not accompanied by the formation of a new wall of cells, so the final formation of the four daughter cell nuclea in a common cytotyte. In fact, this period is equivalent to the four-part period, which is the period during which four large spores are formed. In the production of this period, it can be seen that in the cell wall of the same blastocyst mother cell contains two or four cell nucleuts of equal size, respectively, during the division of the germ blastocyst cells, the number of chromosomes of the four nucleosomes is half of the number of parent cell chromosomes, a monoplate.(iii) the development of the blastocystlily of the four large spores (actually four large spore nuclei) to participate in the development of the blastocyst. During this development, three large spore nuclei are first moved to the joint end, and then the three nuclei are fused into each other as they divide. The result of the division is the formation of two large nucleuts (considering how many times should the two large nucleuts belong to their chromosomes?). )。 At the same time as the three cell nuclei at the joint end are divided and fused, another large spore nucleus at the beadhole end has a single silky split, resulting in two small nuclei (considering how many chromosome multiplies are these two small cell nuclei?). )
    。 At this time in the production can be seen in the blastocyst at the end of the joint has two large nucleic nucleies, beaded hole end has two small nucleosomes, is also a four-core (two big two small) period, but for the blastocyst development process of the four-core blastocyst period. The four nuclei then split again, forming a blastocyst with eight nuclei (four large and four small).(iv) mature embryo blastocyst period lily mature blastocyst also has seven cells and eight nuclei. When an octa-core blastocyst is formed, each end of the blastocyst has a large nuclei and a small cell nuclei shift towards the center and close to each other, that is, the polar nuclei (if the diodes merge, the chromosome multiple should be several times?). )。 The three large nuclei at the close-point end further develop into anti-foot cells (triple by chromosome multiplies, and three small cell nuclei at the beaded end develop into one egg cell and two assisted cells respectively (both of which are monoplies by chromosome multiplies).
    this period of production, generally in the eight-core blastocyst period, it is not possible to observe eight large and small nuclei at the same time on all surfaces (why? Only by observing continuous siling can we see the full picture of the structure of the mature blastocyst. Generally in the production of a cut surface can only see a maximum of 4-6 nucleations, there are large and small, large cores at the end of the close point, small cores at the end of the bead hole.the structure of the octile blastocyst, we pay attention to the basic structure of the lily-inverted embryo beads. Mature embryo beads include both internal and outer beads. However, the inverted embryo is often only one layer of inner beads on the side of the bead handle. Beads are inside the pearl heart, often a layer of cells (is a thin bead heart type). The blastocyst occupies most of the center of the beaded heart. Bead holes are sometimes not obvious because the slices are not cut correctly.
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