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*For medical professionals only
Regarding intravenous human immunoglobulin and COVID-19 human immunoglobulin, there has been a rush to buy intravenous human immunoglobulin
recently
.
The WeChat audience asked for the difference
between human immunoglobulin and COVID-19 human immunoglobulin in the tenth edition of the new crown treatment.
I'll talk about it
today.
One
Different sources of
antibodies are protective proteins produced by the human body due to the stimulation of antigens, mainly found in
serum.
IgG is the most abundant antibody (Ig)
in the body.
Intravenous human immunoglobulin (IVig) is a highly purified polyvalent antibody extracted from the plasma of healthy people, of which IgG accounts for more than
95%.
Intravenous COVID-19 human immunoglobulin is a highly purified multivalent antibody extracted from the plasma of convalescent patients recovered from the new coronavirus infection, of which IgG accounts for more than
95%.
Different viruses produce different antibodies
.
Intravenous human immunoglobulin contains no or only trace amounts of antibodies
produced by the new coronavirus.
Intravenous COVID-19 human immunoglobulin contains a large amount of antibodies (IgG)
produced by the new coronavirus.
Therefore, intravenous human immunoglobulin does not improve the body's ability to fight the new coronavirus!
Two
What is gammaglobulin?
Initially, some people used electrophoresis to divide serum proteins into albumin and α, β, and γ globulins, and found that antibodies mainly exist in the γ area, so antibodies are also called γ globulin (gamma globulin).
The main role of albumin is to maintain plasma osmolality
.
At present, globulins with antibody activity or similar chemical structure to antibodies are uniformly named immunoglobulins
.
Three
The mechanism of
action of human immunoglobulin (gammaglobulin) is the same
as that of intravenous human immunoglobulin (gammaglobulin) and intravenous human immunoglobulin for COVID-19.
1.
Supplementing the lack of antibodies
in the human body intravenous human immunoglobulin is mainly used for the treatment of primary immunoglobulin deficiency and secondary immunoglobulin deficiency diseases (such as severe infection, neonatal sepsis)
。
Intravenous injection of COVID-19 human immune globules can identify the specific antigen of the new coronavirus and weaken its infectivity
.
Of course, intravenous human immunoglobulins for COVID-19 also contain other antibodies
in intravenous human immunoglobulins.
2.
The occurrence of antibodies
produced by neutralizing autoimmune diseases is due to the production of a large number of autoantibodies acting on autoantigens in the body, resulting in the destruction
of tissue cells.
Intravenous human immunoglobulins contain "specific autoantibodies" in normal humans, which can neutralize the antibodies produced by autoimmune diseases, thereby reducing binding
to autoantigens.
Intravenous human immunoglobulin can be used to treat autoimmune diseases such as primary thrombocytopenic purpura and Kawasaki disease
.
3.
The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showing that intravenous
human immunoglobulin can regulate the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNFβ, IFN-γ) and reduce inflammatory response
。
Intravenous human immunoglobulins also contain specific neutralizing antibodies to certain cytokines and can also downregulate levels of
certain cytokines.
Four
Application
of intravenous human immunoglobulin in new coronavirus infection: limited to the treatment
of neurological complications such as encephalitis and encephalopathy in children.
Intravenous COVID-19 human immunoglobulin: can be used for patients
with mild, neutral, and severe new crown infection.
Five
How long does one injection last?
The elimination half-life of human immunoglobulin is about 3~4 weeks
.
That is to say, after 5 half-lives (4~5 months), the immunoglobulins (antibodies) in the human body return to the original level
.
Therefore, people who have recovered from the new crown virus infection can receive the new crown vaccine after 6 months
Special reminder
Intravenous human immunoglobulin products may be mixed with activated coagulation factor XI.
a
.
Patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin should be monitored for serious adverse effects, such as thrombosis, haemolysis, and anaphylaxis
.
Patients with a history of thrombosis, vasculitis, or other thrombosis predisposing factors are at highest
risk.
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