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    Home > Medical News > Medical World News > The first case of severe new coronary secondary infection published Lancet vaccine is the safest route of group immunity.

    The first case of severe new coronary secondary infection published Lancet vaccine is the safest route of group immunity.

    • Last Update: 2020-10-23
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Not long ago, a patient in the United States for mild illness was diagnosed with a "secondary infection" of the new coronavirus and developed into a serious disease news once caused great concern.
    , the case report was officially peer-reviewed and published in The Lancet- Infectious Diseases on October 12, local time.
    the first confirmed case of re-infection with the new coronavirus previously reported by the University of Hong Kong, the patient's immune system does not appear to be as protective as it should be.
    Screenshot Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Case Details According to the paper, a 25-year-old patient from Nevada, USA, has been suffering from sore throats, coughs, headaches, nausea, diarrhea since March 25 this year, and was tested for the new coronavirus on April 18.
    period of isolation, symptoms improved on 27 April and both nucleic acid tests on 9 May and 26 May were turned negative and the patient was not ill until 28 May.
    turn of events occurred on May 31st, when the patient again developed symptoms of fever, headache, dizziness, cough, nausea and diarrhea and went home without an X-ray of his chest.
    June 5, he developed hypoxia and had to be hospitalized for continuous oxygen absorption, and the latest X-ray chest clearly showed viral atypical pneumonia and tested positive for neovirus nucleic acid.
    June 6, antibodies tested positive for IgG/IgM.
    The patient's evidence of two cases of the disease and the timing of the test (Photo: Reference 1) is similar to the first case of secondary infection found in Hong Kong, China, and the team compared the virus genomes of the two infections, taking into account the patient's recovery of symptoms and two nucleic acid-negative results.
    analysis showed that the two samples of the virus came from the same evolutionary branch, the main strain of the local pandemic.
    While it cannot be completely ruled out that the virus is reactivated as a result of a persistent infection, there are a number of other significant differences in the genomes of the two sample viruses that cannot be explained by the virus's evolution in the body in the short term, according to available scientific evidence.
    addition, the patient did not take any immunosuppressive drugs or have HIV infection, due to immune system problems, "the virus is not completely removed by the body" is unlikely.
    the second onset, his parents tested positive for the new crown, which supported the patient's second exposure and secondary infection, although no sequencing results have been obtained.
    based on detailed evidence from a variety of sources, the team believes it is almost enough to confirm that this is a secondary infection.
    do the symptoms get worse? Is immunity and vaccines still work? In the paper, the team also explores the underlying causes of increased symptoms of secondary infection: perhaps exposure to a very large number of viruses, perhaps a secondary infection virus is more "toxic" to the patient, or antibodies appear ADE effect (antibody dependence enhancement effect) - that is, antibodies do not play the usual role of preventing virus invasion, but in some cases, such as when the virus mutates, antibodies "mistakenly believe" that they have worked, thus actually making people uninsulated, "assist" the virus, resulting in a more serious secondary infection.
    team noted that the case suggests that infection with the new coronavirus may not be 100% protective for all individuals.
    " although the findings are not sufficient to illustrate the prevalent nature of this phenomenon.
    , however, it is strongly recommended that individuals who have been infected with the new coronavirus should still carefully prevent the risk of subsequent virus exposure, maintain social distance, wear masks, and wash their hands.
    , author of the paper, suggests Dr. Mark Pandori of the University of Nevada School of Medicine.
    Screenshot Source: In a commentary published at the same time, Dr. Akiko Iwasaki, professor of immunology at Yale University School of Medicine, said that while only a small number of known cases of secondary infection are known, they have important public health implications.
    this, she put forward three points of thinking.
    , like the team' view, natural immunity "does not necessarily" protect individuals from disease after re-infection.
    So far, several new cases of secondary infection have been reported, none of which have immunodeficiency, but there is a lack of serological data on whether they have sufficient antibody response, and both Nevada patients and another Ecuadorian patient reported in the case report were more severe than the first infection after the second infection.
    addition, most of the existing secondary infections have been detected as a result of symptoms, and we do not know enough about asymptomatic secondary infections.
    second, a patient is infected with different strains before and after, but that does not mean that secondary infections are caused by "immune escape", in other words, that we need to design different vaccines for different strains.
    for now, a vaccine is sufficient to protect against all viral variants.
    " again, secondary infection will also cause transmission? Existing studies have shown that the viral load in individual patients with secondary infections is not low, so we "should not expect the immunity obtained by natural infections to achieve group immunity, which is not only fatal to many people, but also ineffective, and the safest way to achieve group immunity is through safe and effective vaccines."
    " outbreak has been developing for most of the year, but COVID-19 is still a new disease for humans, and our understanding is still limited.
    a single case does not define secondary infection with the new coronavirus, only more secondary infection case analysis will allow us to learn more about immunity after natural infection and provide insight into vaccine development."
    , we still need to be prepared.
    .
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