The ketogenic effect of the liver and ketones are examined.

1. Understand the characteristics and significance of ketone production;

2. Master ketone The method of physical examination

(Experimental Principles

ketones are the general name of the three substances acetylacetic acid, β-oxybutyric acid and acetone. Ketone body is a special intermediate metabolite formed by fatty acids when oxidized and decomposed in the liver, which is a special way for the liver to export energy in special cases. An important feature of ketone metabolism is endosterone liver exoded.

under normal circumstances, sugar supply is sufficient, organisms mainly rely on the aerobic oxidation of sugar energy, fat mobilization is less. The blood contains only a small amount of ketones, about 0.05 to 0.85mmol/L (0.3 to 5mg/dl). Brain < a href" > tissueoxidize fatty acids, but can use ketones.

In cases of hunger, diabetes, high-fat, low-sugar diets, etc., ketone production increases, and small molecules of water-soluble ketones easily pass through the blood-brain barrier and muscle capillaries wall, as an important energy source for muscles, especially brain tissue. When endosterone in the liver exceeds the ability of the extra-liver tissue to utilize the ketone body, it leads to an abnormally high level of ketones in the blood, called ketoemia.

can also appear in the urine at this time a large number of ketones, called ketouria. Acetyl acetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid are strongorganic acid, when the ketone body in the blood is too high, easy to make the blood pH drop leading to acidosis. Ketoacidosis is a common metabolic acidosis in the clinic. Therefore, the detection of ketones is of clinical importance.

in addition to giving alkaline drugs to the disease during metabolic acidosis treatment, diabetics are given insulin and glucose to correct sugar metabolic disorders, increase the oxidation of sugar supply, reduce fat mobilization and ketone production.

, ketone body is produced when butyric acid is used as a substrate to keep warm with liver tissue homogeneity (an enzyme system containing synthetic ketones). Ketones can react with chromosomes (sodium nitro-iron cyanide, etc.) to produce fuchsia material reactions, while muscle homogeneity treated with the same treatment does not produce ketones, so there is no color-showing reaction.

"equipment and

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1.equipment test tube Test tube racks, scissors,>redration water bath, slurries, research,centrifuges

2. Reagents

(1) liver and muscle homogeneity.

(2) 0.9% NaCl solution.

(3) Roche solution: NaCl0.9g/gt;, KCl0.042g/gt;, CaCl20.024g/gt;, NaHCO30.02g/?gt;, Glucose 0.1g/gt;, dissolved and distilled water to 100ml.

(4) 0.5mol/L butyric acid: take 44.0g/gt; butyric acid dissolved in 0.1mol/LNaOH solution and diluted to 1000ml with 0.1mol/L NaOH solution.

(5) 1/15mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.6).

(6) 15% triclosal acetic acid.

(7) ketone solution.

(8) color powder: sodium nitro-iron cyanide 1g/gt;, waterless sodium carbonate 30g/gt;

3. Animal mice

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(1) Preparation of liver and muscle homogeneity: Take 1 mouse, severed head to be executed, quickly caesarean section, take out all liver and part of the muscle tissue, respectively, placed in the research, scissors scissors scissors, add physiological saline (by weight / volume of 1:3) and a little fine sand, ground into a uniform slurry.

(2) take 2 test tubes, number, press the table operation: