-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cosmetic Ingredient
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
▎The origin of the HIV pandemic can be traced back to the Congo River Basin.
The HIV prevalence rate in Congo is high, and recent surveillance data shows that it may be as high as 11%; moreover, due to the close proximity to primate habitats carrying SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus, closely related to HIV) strains, the HIV prevalence in Congo and other countries It also has a high degree of viral genetic diversity.
Naturally, this is also one of the key areas for HIV surveillance.
Recently, EBioMedicine, a journal under The Lancet, published an important monitoring finding: 2.
7%-4.
3% of HIV-infected persons in the Congo region may be potential elite controllers-without medication, they can In some unknown way, the HIV viral load was spontaneously controlled to an undetectable level.
This ratio is much higher than people's current understanding.
It is generally believed that less than 1% of HIV-infected people have this ability to inhibit HIV replication.
This suggests that some people in the Congo River Basin may have the unique ability to control HIV infection, and the study of these elite controllers may provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of virus suppression.
Screenshot source: EBioMedicine This monitoring study was carried out in 48 clinical centers in Kinshasa, Congo, during 2017-2019.
A total of 10,457 people received rapid HIV diagnostic testing.
At the same time, all of them also received serological testing (through Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo test), 1968 people were tested positive for antibodies and further received viral load determination (through Abbott RealTime HIV-1 viral load).
In addition, a variety of testing methods are used to cross-validate the viral load of these people's blood samples, HIV sequencing, and detect other blood-borne viruses and medications.
The data showed that a total of 429 people (21.
8%) were HIV seropositive but had a viral load below the detectable level.
For these negative results of viral load testing, the research team has systematically ruled out potential problems of collection point deviation, sample integrity, and viral genetic diversity.
Further testing found that about 60% (209/354) of the test subjects had evidence of taking the antiviral drug lamivudine in their blood samples, but these patients had not previously reported taking antiviral drugs.
For cross-validation of antibody test results, Western blot (WB) indicated that 12% of people had false-positive serological test results (49/404).
Those who have not taken the medicine and have a positive or uncertain result of the WB test will be judged by combining the results of the serological test and the rapid diagnosis of HIV.
Image source: 123RF Finally, among the people who tested positive for serology, the research team defined the infected person who met the following multiple test results as potential elite controllers: viral load negative (VL-) and not taking antireversal Drugs recorded (ART-) and WB test positive (WB POS); or viral load negative (VL-), and no antiretroviral drugs (ART-), and WB test uncertain (WB IND), and fast Test positive (RAPID POS).
After a comprehensive assessment, it is estimated that about 2.
7%-4.
3% of the infected persons in the Congolese population are potential elite controllers.
This result also prompted the research team to review the historical monitoring data.
They analyzed samples collected from the Congo in 1987 (before the first antiretroviral drug came out) and 2001-2003-and found similar results from these samples, which showed an upward trend year by year.
This also confirms from another angle that a large proportion of individuals in the Congo region can control HIV infection on their own.
▲According to multiple testing verification, the estimated percentage of elite controllers in samples of different years (highlighting the dark blue and green parts) (picture source: reference [1]) In addition, previous studies have shown that Cameroon, the neighboring country of Congo, is potentially controlled by elites As many as 2.
95%, this phenomenon may not be unique to Congo.
The research team also dug into the historical data of Cameroon they originally collected and speculated that the proportion of elite controllers is about 2.
5%-5.
8%.
Therefore, the research team proposed that, overall, a relatively high proportion of people in central and western Africa have the natural ability to control HIV-1 infection.
The main limitation of the study is that this is a cross-sectional study.
It is difficult to judge how many people can control HIV infection by themselves for a long time, that is, it is difficult to accurately estimate the true elite controllers.
Further research on these populations will help provide more insights for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
Related reading AIDS may "self-heal"? "Nature" reveals the rare defenses that can control HIV infection without drugs.
Perhaps the first case of AIDS patients cured by drugs appeared? The Lancet: First-line treatment or change of AIDS, WHO commissioned research to update evidence.
Dr.
Fauci talks about 40 years of development of AIDS diagnosis and treatment: Only with vaccines and solving these challenges can we hope to end the pandemic.
References [1] Michael G.
Berg, et al.
, (2021).
A high prevalence of potential HIV elite controllers identified over 30 years in Democratic Republic of Congo.
EBioMedicine, DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
ebiom.
2021.
103258 Note: This article It is intended to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not to recommend treatment options.
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
The HIV prevalence rate in Congo is high, and recent surveillance data shows that it may be as high as 11%; moreover, due to the close proximity to primate habitats carrying SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus, closely related to HIV) strains, the HIV prevalence in Congo and other countries It also has a high degree of viral genetic diversity.
Naturally, this is also one of the key areas for HIV surveillance.
Recently, EBioMedicine, a journal under The Lancet, published an important monitoring finding: 2.
7%-4.
3% of HIV-infected persons in the Congo region may be potential elite controllers-without medication, they can In some unknown way, the HIV viral load was spontaneously controlled to an undetectable level.
This ratio is much higher than people's current understanding.
It is generally believed that less than 1% of HIV-infected people have this ability to inhibit HIV replication.
This suggests that some people in the Congo River Basin may have the unique ability to control HIV infection, and the study of these elite controllers may provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of virus suppression.
Screenshot source: EBioMedicine This monitoring study was carried out in 48 clinical centers in Kinshasa, Congo, during 2017-2019.
A total of 10,457 people received rapid HIV diagnostic testing.
At the same time, all of them also received serological testing (through Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo test), 1968 people were tested positive for antibodies and further received viral load determination (through Abbott RealTime HIV-1 viral load).
In addition, a variety of testing methods are used to cross-validate the viral load of these people's blood samples, HIV sequencing, and detect other blood-borne viruses and medications.
The data showed that a total of 429 people (21.
8%) were HIV seropositive but had a viral load below the detectable level.
For these negative results of viral load testing, the research team has systematically ruled out potential problems of collection point deviation, sample integrity, and viral genetic diversity.
Further testing found that about 60% (209/354) of the test subjects had evidence of taking the antiviral drug lamivudine in their blood samples, but these patients had not previously reported taking antiviral drugs.
For cross-validation of antibody test results, Western blot (WB) indicated that 12% of people had false-positive serological test results (49/404).
Those who have not taken the medicine and have a positive or uncertain result of the WB test will be judged by combining the results of the serological test and the rapid diagnosis of HIV.
Image source: 123RF Finally, among the people who tested positive for serology, the research team defined the infected person who met the following multiple test results as potential elite controllers: viral load negative (VL-) and not taking antireversal Drugs recorded (ART-) and WB test positive (WB POS); or viral load negative (VL-), and no antiretroviral drugs (ART-), and WB test uncertain (WB IND), and fast Test positive (RAPID POS).
After a comprehensive assessment, it is estimated that about 2.
7%-4.
3% of the infected persons in the Congolese population are potential elite controllers.
This result also prompted the research team to review the historical monitoring data.
They analyzed samples collected from the Congo in 1987 (before the first antiretroviral drug came out) and 2001-2003-and found similar results from these samples, which showed an upward trend year by year.
This also confirms from another angle that a large proportion of individuals in the Congo region can control HIV infection on their own.
▲According to multiple testing verification, the estimated percentage of elite controllers in samples of different years (highlighting the dark blue and green parts) (picture source: reference [1]) In addition, previous studies have shown that Cameroon, the neighboring country of Congo, is potentially controlled by elites As many as 2.
95%, this phenomenon may not be unique to Congo.
The research team also dug into the historical data of Cameroon they originally collected and speculated that the proportion of elite controllers is about 2.
5%-5.
8%.
Therefore, the research team proposed that, overall, a relatively high proportion of people in central and western Africa have the natural ability to control HIV-1 infection.
The main limitation of the study is that this is a cross-sectional study.
It is difficult to judge how many people can control HIV infection by themselves for a long time, that is, it is difficult to accurately estimate the true elite controllers.
Further research on these populations will help provide more insights for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
Related reading AIDS may "self-heal"? "Nature" reveals the rare defenses that can control HIV infection without drugs.
Perhaps the first case of AIDS patients cured by drugs appeared? The Lancet: First-line treatment or change of AIDS, WHO commissioned research to update evidence.
Dr.
Fauci talks about 40 years of development of AIDS diagnosis and treatment: Only with vaccines and solving these challenges can we hope to end the pandemic.
References [1] Michael G.
Berg, et al.
, (2021).
A high prevalence of potential HIV elite controllers identified over 30 years in Democratic Republic of Congo.
EBioMedicine, DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
ebiom.
2021.
103258 Note: This article It is intended to introduce the progress of medical and health research, not to recommend treatment options.
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
