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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > The largest data reveals the health effects of space flight

    The largest data reveals the health effects of space flight

    • Last Update: 2020-12-14
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    , however, it is vital that people learn about the health effects and causes of long-term space travel on astronauts and find solutions in order to land on Mars, explore deep space, and find solutions.
    November 26,
    and
    published a special paper by more than 200 researchers from NASA and other academic, government, aerospace and industrial organizations around the world, showcasing the largest ever data on astronauts and space biology data sets, exploring the dangers of space flight, and discussing possible preparations for other missions to Mars over the next 20 years.the study of the physical effects of space travel on astronauts, and had to mention the famous twin experiments.
    Einstein mentioned in his twin fallacy that there was a pair of twin brothers, one who had been traveling in space for a long time and the other who remained on Earth. As a result, when the traveler returned to Earth, he was younger than his brother. This theory was not validated until Scott Kelly and Mark Kelly became NASA astronauts.
    twins, Scott worked on the International Space Station from 2015 to 2016, while Mark remained largely on Earth.
    , Scott flew 520 days in space. Mark has spent 54 days in space, all on four relatively short space shuttle missions. The 10 teams conducted a series of tests on the twins, including blood, urine and stool samples before, during and after a space flight.
    Scott's body underwent a series of changes, his chromosomes underwent largely continuous genetic changes, partial inverts, or end-to-end flips, and many telomeres at the ends of the chromosome mysteriously lengthened. The shape of his eyeballs has also changed, including thickening of the optic nerve and folding of the veins around the eyeball. But the researchers found that most of these changes were reversed when he returned to Earth.
    John B. Charles of the Wil cornell School of Medicine, one of the study's co-authors, told China Science that the results help people understand the genetic factors that make normal, healthy physiological processes adapt to the unique environment of space flight and help ensure the safety, health and performance of astronauts during deep space missions that could last for years to come.
    2019, the paper has attracted widespread attention since it was published in Science. But Markus Lobrich of the Technical University of Darmstatt in Germany told China Science that because the study involved only two people, the findings may not be widely available to other astronauts.
    , in addition to reanalysing the twins' experiments, several research groups analyzed samples of dozens of astronauts., Scott's telomeres were longer, but within 48 hours of returning to Earth, they were shorter or even shorter than before the flight. Susan Bailey, a radiation cancer biologist at Colorado State University, says this is the opposite of what is expected, because telomeres shorten with age, and shortened telomeres may increase his risk of cardiovascular disease or certain cancers.
    then, Bailey and others assessed telomere length and DNA damage reactions before, during and after a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) and found that astronauts typically had longer telomeres during space flight. However, after returning to Earth, the telomere length of astronauts is rapidly shortened, usually shorter than before they entered space.
    researchers also found that all astronauts in the study experienced oxidative stress in space, which is related to changes in telomere length (a similar condition for Mount Everest climbers), suggesting that changes in telomere length may be an adaptive response to chronic molecular stress in extreme environments.
    "We will assess more astronauts, including women, and space missions of various durations to further clarify the mechanisms by which space flight causes telomere changes." Bailey said.
    twin studies also showed that astronauts' inflammatory symptoms worsened when they returned to Earth. So Christopher E. Mason of Cornell University School of Medicine and others collected data from an astronaut on a year-long mission at an ISS station and reanalyzed the landing data from the twin study.
    found that the observed biometric features reflect the regeneration of skeletal muscles rather than harmful inflammatory responses. The findings are supported by data from 28 other astronauts on a six-month mission at ISS.
    team analyzed a series of space health effects using short sequences of non-coding regulated RNA called tiny RNA, using studies of mice, rats, human tissue samples and astronauts. Moreover, selective suppression of these tiny RNA associated with space flight can reduce cardiovascular damage from exposure to simulated deep space radiation in human tissue models.
    The study's co-author, Afshin Beheshti of NASA's Ames Research Center, said this suggests that tiny aviation-related RNA signals can be used to identify potential targets for mitigating associated health risks in addition to biomarkers of systemic biological damage caused by space. The papers were published in Cell Reports.
    s sky travel brings so many physical changes, " we began to ask if there was a universal mechanism in the human body in space that could explain the problems we observed. Beheshti said. a multidisciplinary team led by Beheshti used data collected from many different sources to discover a common cause of the damage: mitochondrial dysfunction, according to nasa. The paper was published in Cells.
    researchers analyzed data from NASA's GeneLab platform, a comprehensive database that includes animal research data, twin studies, and samples collected from 59 astronauts during decades of space travel. The platform also contains a series of "histological" data on changes in tissues and cells under the joint action of space radiation and microgravity, including proteomics, metabolic groups, transcription groups, and exogenomic genomic data.
    we compared all the different tissues of mice on two different missions in space and found that mitochondrial dysfunction continued to occur. Beheshti told reporters, "We studied liver and eye problems and found that they were caused by mitochondrial-related pathways. In
    , mitochondrial inhibition, and sometimes over-compensation due to such inhibition, can lead to many systemic organ reactions. They can also explain many of the changes that are common in the immune system.
    researchers analyzed data from the twins' study and found that mitochondrial activity changed a lot. Some of these changes may explain changes in Scott's immune cell distribution during space. They also used physiological data, blood and urine samples taken from dozens of other astronauts to confirm changes in mitochondrial activity in different cell types.
    "I was surprised to see mitochondrials so important because they weren't usually in our interest. Mitochondrial dysfunction also helps explain another common problem with long-term space travel: circadian rhythm disorders, Beheshti said.
    Since mitochondrial problems have been identified as a cause of many health risks of space travel, Beheshti noted, "there are already many drugs approved to treat mitochondrial disease, and we may be able to test some of them in space using animal and cell models." (Source: Tang Feng, China Science Journal)
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