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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Study of Nervous System > The latest CRISPR/Cas research advances from August to September 2020.

    The latest CRISPR/Cas research advances from August to September 2020.

    • Last Update: 2020-10-14
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    September 30, 2020 /PRY/ / --- Genomics Editing Technology CRISPR/Cas9 was listed by Science magazine as one of the top 10 scientific advances of the year in 2013.
    CRISPR is short for regular interval clustered short reply repeat sequences, and Cas is short for CRISPR-related proteins.
    crispr/Cas was originally found in bacteria, a defense against the invasion of antiphages and other pathogens.
    images from Thomas Splettstoesser (Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0).
    November 26, 2018, Chinese scientist He Jiankui claimed that the world's first genetically edited baby ---a twin female baby--- was born in November.
    he used CRISPR-Cas9, a powerful gene-editing tool, to modify one of the twins' genes so that they could naturally fight HIV infection when they were born.
    is also the world's first immuno-AIDS gene-edited baby.
    news quickly fermented on websites at home and abroad, triggering thousands of waves.
    some scientists supportEd He's research, but more questioned and even condemned it.
    major CRISPR/Cas studies or findings in the coming August-September months? The editor combed through the CRISPR/Cas research stories from these two months for everyone to read.
    1.Nat Commun: Using AIOD-CRISPR Ultra-Sensitive Visualization to Detect New Coronavirus Doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18575-6 In a new study, the University of Connecticut Health Led by Dr. Changchun Liu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Center, the researchers developed a method called All-In-One-CRISPR-Cas12a (AIOD-CRISPR) that simply, quickly, and ultra-sensitively visually detects SARS-CoV-2, which can be used in homes or small clinics.
    results were published in the journal Nature Communications on September 18, 2020 under the title "Ultrasensitive and visual detection of SARS-CoV-2 using all-in-one DUAL CRISPR-Cas12a assay".
    the design and workings of the AIOD-CRISPR test method, pictured is Nature Communications, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18575-6.
    the new study, Liu and his team evaluated their AIOD-CRISPR method using RNA extract from 28 clinical COVID-19 swab samples, including eight COVID-19 positive samples.
    to ensure the reliability of the test, each sample was tested twice in two separate experiments.
    all eight COVID-19 positive samples were confirmed as positive within 40 minutes and were confirmed by visual testing.
    results are consistent with those of the RT-PCR approach approved by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
    the researchers also used low-cost warm hand treasure as an incubator to test patient samples to eliminate the need for electric incubators.
    AIOD-CRISPR test tube is placed directly on a pneumatic warm hand, and the results can be seen with the naked eye under the LED light.
    2.Mol Cell: New study reveals that histogenic degradation after DNA damage promotes DNA repair doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.09.002 DNA damage can occur anywhere in the genome, but most DNA is wrapped in nucleosomes, making repair complexes inadmissable.
    Now, in a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the Frederic Michel Institute for Biomedical Research in Switzerland and the University of Basel have found that DNA induces higlobin depletion, which increases the accessibility and flexibility of DNA fibers and increases the speed of synth search during commodation repair.
    results were published online September 23, 2020 in the journal Molecular Cell under the title "DNA Damage-Induced Nucleosome Depletion Enhances Homology Search Independent of Local Movement Break."
    M. Gasser is the author of the paper.
    the new study, Cheblal and his colleagues stressed that histone degradation and subsequent chromatin decompaction do improve DNA repair efficiency and dynamics.
    Cheblal summed up the study's main findings: "We found that DNA double-stranded fractures can be decrypted by the controlled degradation of histones, which refers to undetred bits at a distance, not locally), which is essential for DNA repair based on homogeneity recombination."
    we also found that local fracture dynamics are less important for DNA repair and can be compensated by increasing the movement of heterochromes, which is associated with chromosomal decompression.
    addition, we ruled out the previous hypothesis that chromosomal separation from the outer nucleosphere is part of the DNA damage response.
    asked about the broader implications of the study, Cheblal said, "Our study will be critical to CRISPR-mediated gene therapy, which is currently too inefficient to be used clinically."
    our results suggest that combining this technique with appropriately adjusted factors to induce histone degradation may improve the editing efficiency of CRISPR-Cas9.
    "s restoration of DNA through comgen recombination is the fundamental principle of CRISPR-Cas9 targeted genomic editing.
    CRISPR-Cas9 editing technology is mainly used as a research tool, but also for gene therapy.
    studies have shown that CRISPR-Cas9 can be edited more efficiently in mammalian cells as histones are depleted.
    3.Nature sub-journal: CRISPR-Cas9 with improved target toxicity RNA promises treatment for myotrophy I Type doi:10.1038/s41551-020-00607-7CRISPR-Cas9 is an increasingly used technique for correcting genetic (DNA) defects that cause various diseases.
    years ago, researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine changed the direction of the technology: modifying RNA in a way they call RNA-targeted Cas9 (RNA-targeting Cas9, RCas9).
    a new study, the researchers confirmed that a dose of RCas9 gene therapy degrades toxic RNA and almost completely reverses the symptoms of the model of mice with strong muscular dystrophy.
    results were published online September 14, 2020 in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering under the title "The sustained expression of Cas9 targeting toxic RNAs reverses disease phenotypes in mouse models of myotonic dystrophy type 1".
    photo from Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41551-020-00607-7.
    the researchers packaged RCas9 in a non-infectious virus vector that delivers the RNA cutting enzyme to cells.
    the mice were injected with a single dose of RCas9 gene therapy or mock treatment (mock treatment, which refers to an unpackaged viral vector of RCas9).
    RCas9 reduced abnormal repetitive RNA by more than 50 percent, varying from tissue to tissue, and after treatment in mice with strong muscular dystrophy became essentially the same as healthy mice.
    4.NEJM: COVID-19 Rapid Detection Promises to Improve Accuracy Doi:10.1056/NEJMc2026172 Since COVID-19 Epidemic Since its inception, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University have worked to develop CRISPR-based COVID-19 diagnostics that produce results in 30 minutes to an hour with similar accuracy to the standard PCR diagnostics currently in use.
    test, called STOPCovid, is still in the research stage, but in principle it can be made cheaply and people can self-test it every day.
    study published in the journal New England Journal of Medicine, researchers showed that in a sample of patients, they tested positive for 93 percent of the cases.
    specifically, the researchers concentrated the viral genetic material in the patient's sample by adding magnetic beads that attracted RNA, without the need for time-time and expensive purification kits.
    because of the high demand.
    this enrichment step improves the sensitivity of the test until it is close to the sensitivity of the PCR.
    . Nat Biotechnol: Scientists hope to use enzyme testing to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of CRISPR gene editing tools! Doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0646-5 In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Biotechnology, scientists from institutions such as the University of Texas developed a new tool to help scientists choose the best available gene editing options for a particular job, making CRISPR technology safer, cheaper and more efficient.
    In recent years, CRISPR gene editing technology has shown great potential for improving human health, agricultural research, and so on, but the challenge lies in the subtle nature of gene editing, which does not allow errors, and in order to achieve gene editing, scientists use dozens of different enzymes from a natural system called CRISPR, which then locks out problematic DNA sequences and then uses Enzymes act as scissors to cut the wrong sequence, allowing genetic material to be added, removed, or altered, but these scissors may not be perfect, their accuracy and effectiveness will vary depending on CRISPR enzymes and projects, and new tools will guide new users, so researchers can choose the best CRISPR enzyme class for their high-risk gene editing.
    researcher Dr Steve Jones said: 'We have designed a new method that can help detect the specificity of these different CRISPR enzymes, which can fight any changes in DNA sequences like never before; Problems arise when the wrong DNA fragments are used, and each CRISPR enzyme has some advantages and disadvantages in editing different sequences, so researchers set out to develop a tool to help scientists compare different enzymes and find the best enzyme for your use.
    6. Nat Cell Biol: Using CRISPR to edit the immune response, gene therapy is more effective doi:10.1038/s41556-020-0563-3 Gene therapy generally relies on viruses such as adeno-related viruses (AAVs) to deliver genes to cells.
    In CRISPR-based gene therapy, molecular scissors can remove defective genes and add a missing sequence or temporarily alter its expression, but the body's immune response to AAV can hamper the entire effort.
    photo from Nature Cell Biology, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41556-020-0563-3.
    to overcome this obstacle, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in the United States built a system that uses CRISPR in different ways in a new study.
    their systems briefly inhibited genes associated with AAV antibody production so that the virus could deliver the genetic cargo it carried without obstruction.
    study was recently published in the journal Nature Cell Biology under the title "Synthetic immunomodulation with a CRISPR super-repressor in vivo".
    7.Sci Adv: New gene therapy promises to treat patients with hereditary blindness doi:10.1126/sciadv .aba5614 Pigment retinitis is one of the most common congenital blindness disorders, and in a recent study published in the international journal Science Advances, scientists from institutions such as the University of Munich in Germany found targeted activation through models of pigmented retinitis mice.
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