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After the human body encounters the new coronavirus, the immune system will not only fight the virus, but also "remember" them for a long time to prevent re-infection
.
This long-term immune memory is also the basis for the vaccine's protective effect
In a new study, scientists found direct evidence of long-term immune memory of new coronary infections in the lungs of patients with new coronary disease and the lymph nodes around the lungs
.
Confirming the immune memory of the new crown infection has important guiding significance for the design of vaccination or booster immunity
The research was led by Professor Donna Farber, an immunologist at Columbia University, and Professor Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology
.
Four patients who recovered after being infected with the new crown in 2020 provided valuable samples for researchers
.
These patients died for other reasons unrelated to the new crown and donated organs after their deaths
▲The new coronavirus-specific immune cells were detected in the tissues of 4 organ donors who had previously been infected with the new crown (picture source: reference [1])
The results of the study showed that until six months after the infection of the new crown, there were still a large number of memory CD4 positive T cells, CD8 positive T cells and B cells in the patient's bone marrow, spleen, lung and multiple lymph nodes
.
Among them, lung and lung-associated lymphoid tissues are the most important part of the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 specific memory B cells and memory T cells
In lung-related lymph nodes, the researchers also found that SARS-CoV-2 specific germinal center B cells and follicular helper T cells (Tfh) coexist, the latter can promote the differentiation of B cells, and the germinal center B cells Persistence can ensure the long-term maintenance of antibodies in the circulatory system and the persistence of the immune response
.
This series of findings provide direct evidence that local tissues have established long-term protective immunity after the new crown infection
.
It is worth noting that among the four new crown patients examined by the researchers, some are over 70 years old
.
In other words, even the elderly can build a strong immune memory against a pathogen that has never been exposed to
To extend it further, this discovery means that the immune response generated by the vaccine in the elderly may also be stronger than previously thought
.
In addition, the type and location of immune memory generated after infection has also brought new inspiration for vaccine design
.
"Our research shows that in order to strengthen the resistance to the virus, the vaccine should target the memory immune cells in the lungs and related lymph nodes, and the nasal spray vaccine can achieve this
Researchers are continuing to study organ donors who have been vaccinated to determine whether the immune memory caused by the vaccine is similar to the immune memory caused by natural infection
Note: The original text has been deleted
Reference materials:
[1] Maya ML Poon et al.
[2] Lung maintains long-term memory of COVID infection.
