The main reason for the evolution of the type II flower column to the same type of flower column.

The transition from hetero-flower pollination to self-pollination is one of the most significant in the evolution of plant mating systems. The evolution of the
the polymorphism of the two-type flower column, which is mainly of heterodox pollination, to the same type of flower column, which is mainly self-pollinating, is the representative of this transformation.
this change in mating system has had a significant impact on the breeding ecology of populations, genealogy geography, population genetics and evolution.
spring flower plants take the mountains of southwest China as the center of modern distribution, and have always been the model plants for studying the evolution of the second-type flower column.
, Primula oreodoxa is a typical representative, located only in the sub-alpine region on the western side of the Sichuan Basin.
complex flower polymorphism provides an ideal model for studying ecological factors and their genetic consequences to promote the evolution of type II flower column.
recently, researchers such as Yuan Shuai and Shi Miaomiao of the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, under the guidance of researcher Zhang Zhixiang, used the means of pollination ecology, group genetics and genealogy geography to study three problems in the transition from two flower columns to the same type: 1) two-type flower columns Structural differences, geographical distribution differences and reproductive characteristics of the same type of flower columns, 2) whether altitude affects the frequency of pollinators and the near-intersection of populations, and 3) the frequency of the transition of the type 2 flower column to the same type of flower column and the resulting genetic consequences.
studies have shown that the same type of flower column is more fruit and seeds than the second-type column, although the former's long-horned insects visit flowers less frequently.
the ability to naturally self-pollinate (breeding guarantees), the same-type flower column has an evolutionary advantage, although its genetic diversity has decreased.
with the elevation, the frequency of flower visits of the long-horned insects decreases, and the near-intersectional degree of the population increases.
limited pollinating frequency and the reproductive guarantee effect of the same type of flower column are the main reasons for the evolution of the two-type flower column to the same type.
research published in Annals of Botany.
the research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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