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(3) Extractive membrane bioreactor (EMBR) The membrane used in the extractive membrane bioreactor is a selective extraction membrane, which can completely isolate the wastewater from the bioreactor.
The selective extraction membrane only allows The target pollutants in the original wastewater are passed through, and then they are biodegraded separately by obligate bacteria, so that they are not affected by the ionic strength and pH value of the water.
Other substances in the wastewater that are toxic to organisms cannot enter the bioreactor.
, The function of the bioreactor is optimized, the schematic diagram is shown in Figure 5-6
.
Figure 5-6 EMBR schematic
Its characteristic is that the wastewater and activated sludge are separated by a membrane.
The wastewater flows in the membrane cavity and is connected to the inlet and outlet grooves.
The advantages of the extraction membrane bioreactor: a.
The bioreactor and the membrane unit can be designed and installed relatively independently, with little mutual interference; b.
Membrane pollution is less, because the isolated membrane is non-porous, it will not cause clogging problems; c.
Microbes The living conditions can be controlled in the best state, and the living conditions of microorganisms are completely unaffected by the quality of sewage.
Special strains or pure bacteria can be cultivated and used to degrade organic matter; d.
High efficiency, high selectivity, and efficient degradation of toxic and harmful pollutants ; E.
It can degrade volatile organic substances.
In ordinary bioreactors, volatile organic substances are not biodegraded, but blown off by the air to volatilize into the atmosphere; f.
Low energy consumption, no need for high membrane surface Flow rate, so there is no strong hydraulic circulation, saving energy
.
Disadvantages: a.
The scope of application is limited, and it is only suitable for wastewater with a single pollutant
.
b.
The comparison results of the above three types of membrane bioreactors are shown in Table 5-5 and Table 5-6
.
Table 5-5 Comparison of the characteristics of the three types of membrane bioreactors
Table 5-6 Membrane material and membrane configuration of membrane bioreactor
(4) New development of MBR process
① Biofilm-membrane reactor (composite MBR process)
.
Fillers are added to the membrane bioreactor system to form a biofilm, and the attached and suspended microorganisms cooperate to complete the degradation process of pollutants.
The transformability between the two phases enhances the system's regulation mechanism and makes the complex ecological structure of the composite system Possess a strong resistance to impact load
Figure 5-7 Schematic diagram of biofilm-membrane reactor (composite type)
It is reported in the literature that there is a good simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phenomenon in the composite semi-soft packing membrane bioreactor.
The influent COD is about 800mg/L, the pH is 7.
② Anaerobic MBR process
.
Anaerobic MBR is a process that combines anaerobic biological treatment and membrane separation
③The process of adding genetically engineered bacteria MBR
.
Genetically engineered bacteria (GEM) refers to the use of bioengineering technology to transfer the gene fragments of a certain degrading bacteria into strains through transgenic engineering to cultivate high-efficiency special bacteria with specific degradation functions
④ MBR process of aerobic granular sludge
.
In the MBR process of aerobic granular sludge, the concentration of aerobic granular sludge can be maintained at 14-16g/L.
⑤Strengthen MBR nitrogen and phosphorus removal process
.
Almost all traditional nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes can be combined with MBR.
Some of the characteristics of the MBR process can strengthen the original biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process: the complete retention of biomass by the membrane can increase the total number of nitrate bacteria and phosphorus accumulating bacteria.
Therefore, it can improve the denitrification and phosphorus removal capacity of the system; reduce the risk of the collapse of the denitrification and phosphorus removal system caused by the expansion of sludge; the gel layer on the membrane surface has a certain interception of the colloidal phosphorus; MBR is ensuring poly Under the premise of the phosphorus effect, the sludge discharge can be reduced and the phosphorus content per unit of remaining sludge can be increased
.
Related links: Main types and characteristics of membrane bioreactor (MBR) (1)