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Presumably many people have had this experience before a large exam: they are so nervous and want to go to WC.
.
.
The toilet is overcrowded, and in every squatting position, there are people who are soothing their "body and mind" to the fullest
.
This strange phenomenon is mostly attributed to the huge psychological pressure brought by the exam, which makes your body have a "fight and flight response"
.
The so-called fight-and-flight response means that when we encounter something we think is threatening (such as an exam), the body will make a variety of responses to prepare for a fight or flight: such as sympathetic activation, colon contractions , increased renal urine production and so on
.
For decades, scientists have been studying how stress can cause humans to "fall through the gates and collapse.
"
A scientist named TP Almy has done a ten (sang) cent (xin) new (bing) Ying (kuang) experiment in this regard
.
He told some people who had been inserted into colonoscopes: They were found to have colon cancer, and then secretly observed the changes in the colons of these people
.
As a result, under the camera, the colons of these people began to peristate
.
It shows that the stressful environment will indeed lead to increased colonic contractions and increased frequency of intestinal spasms, thus making it easier to produce diarrhea
.
For normal people, the diarrhea associated with this stress is short-lived, and the symptoms of stress withdrawal will gradually decrease until they disappear
.
However, there is a group of people who have to suffer from repeated diarrhea and abdominal pain, which is so severe that it affects their daily life.
What's more terrifying is that this suffering may accompany a lifetime
.
They have a uniform name called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients
.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology, mainly including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), characterized by intestinal inflammation, tissue damage, Abdominal pain, frequent/persistent diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, fatigue,
etc.
It was first discovered in western developed countries
.
However, in recent years, the number of IBD patients in China has continued to increase due to unreasonable diet and work and rest habits.
According to a study, it is estimated that by 2025, the number of IBD patients in China will reach 1.
5 million
.
So, can the occurrence of IBD be related to the stress experienced by the patient? A recent study published in Nature Communications revealed a possible link between psychological stress and Crohn's disease flare-ups
.
The researchers found that psychological stress can lead to the breakdown of the functional barrier of the ileum, and at the same time lead to an increase in the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, leading to enteritis
.
Image credit: Nature Communications Key to innate immunity is the protective barrier of intestinal epithelial cells
.
When our innate immune system is functioning properly, it prevents harmful bacteria from colonizing our body, but when immune cells are not functioning properly, the epithelial cell walls break down, allowing microbes associated with Crohn's disease to invade the gut and cause symptoms seizures
.
To study the effects of stress on the microbiome, the researchers developed a mouse model of acute psychological stress
.
After stress release, the microbiome in the ileum, cecum, and colon was analyzed with rRNA sequencing and compared to controls
.
Psychological stress was found to lead to dramatic changes in gut microbial populations: Enterobacteriaceae accounted for an increased proportion of all gut microbiota, most notably in the ileum, accounting for more than 80%; and the bacterial diversity in the ileum of mice was significantly reduced
.
Stress leads to an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in the mid-ileum Image Credit: Nature Communications So how do CD-associated pathogens respond to the dramatic expansion of Enterobacteriaceae in the ileum caused by psychological stress? For this, the researchers colonized a mouse model with E.
coli and then applied overnight stress
.
The number of E.
coli colonization was found to be significantly increased by 4-5 orders of magnitude compared to pre-stress
.
The researchers then subjected the E.
coli-colonized mice to repeated weekly bouts of acute psychological stress for 1 month, and showed that repeated exposure to stress gradually weakened the host's control of E.
coli
.
Psychological stress impairs host control in CD-associated E.
coli Image source: Nature Communications It is well known that both E.
coli colonization and psychological stress may exacerbate colitis, the researchers analyzed inflammatory cytokines and tissue barrier function in response to stress and found that psychological stress causes The functional barrier of the ileum is disrupted, which is exacerbated by the presence of E.
coli
.
IL-22 is a cytokine necessary for maintaining the integrity of the ileal mucosal barrier, and the researchers reasoned that stress might attenuate the protective response of IL-22 in the presence of invasive bacteria such as Escherichia coli
.
Therefore, the researchers treated E.
coli-colonized mice with IL-22-Fc and subjected the mice to stress to measure the number of colonized E.
coli bacteria
.
Surprisingly, E.
coli growth was significantly attenuated in the ileum of IL-22-Fc-treated mice compared to controls
.
This suggests that exogenous IL-22 supplementation can correct stress-induced mucosal immune damage and prevent gut dysbiosis
.
IL-22 Delivery Corrects Stress-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Image Source: Nature Communications Speaking of which, fellow social and animal colleagues, stress is yet another injury—it can impair the protective immunity of our gut barrier, Thus prone to enteritis! But think about it another way, by relieving stress, we might be able to prevent or reduce IBD symptoms
.
Recently, a study published in IBD showed that the use of antidepressants was beneficial to the course of UC and CD in patients with UC and CD, especially in patients who had not used antidepressants before the onset of IBD
.
Image credit: IBD IBD patients who used antidepressants had significantly lower rates of IBD relapse compared to patients who did not use antidepressants
.
Meanwhile, antidepressant therapy was more effective in CD patients compared with UC patients
.
Furthermore, either a single antidepressant therapy or a combination of multiple therapies can have a beneficial effect on the course of IBD
.
Antidepressant treatment reduces associated hospitalizations and surgeries in CD and UC patients Image source: IBD is still lacking in large clinical trials, and we do not know which class or drug is best for IBD
.
However, one truth has surfaced - mental health, really affects our guts! So, in this age of crazy involution, is your gut ready? Reference: [1] Psychological stress impairs IL22-driven protective gut mucosal immunity against colonising pathobionts.
Nat Commun.
2021 Nov 18;12(1):6664.
DOI: 10.
1038/s41467-021-26992-4.
[2] The Influence of Antidepressants on the Disease Course Among Patients With Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis-A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.
Inflamm Bowel Dis.
2019 Apr 11;25(5):886-893.
DOI: 10.
1093/ibd/izy367.
Written | Edited by Leyi | Swagpp Click "read the original text" below to download the Mace Medical APP
.
.
The toilet is overcrowded, and in every squatting position, there are people who are soothing their "body and mind" to the fullest
.
This strange phenomenon is mostly attributed to the huge psychological pressure brought by the exam, which makes your body have a "fight and flight response"
.
The so-called fight-and-flight response means that when we encounter something we think is threatening (such as an exam), the body will make a variety of responses to prepare for a fight or flight: such as sympathetic activation, colon contractions , increased renal urine production and so on
.
For decades, scientists have been studying how stress can cause humans to "fall through the gates and collapse.
"
A scientist named TP Almy has done a ten (sang) cent (xin) new (bing) Ying (kuang) experiment in this regard
.
He told some people who had been inserted into colonoscopes: They were found to have colon cancer, and then secretly observed the changes in the colons of these people
.
As a result, under the camera, the colons of these people began to peristate
.
It shows that the stressful environment will indeed lead to increased colonic contractions and increased frequency of intestinal spasms, thus making it easier to produce diarrhea
.
For normal people, the diarrhea associated with this stress is short-lived, and the symptoms of stress withdrawal will gradually decrease until they disappear
.
However, there is a group of people who have to suffer from repeated diarrhea and abdominal pain, which is so severe that it affects their daily life.
What's more terrifying is that this suffering may accompany a lifetime
.
They have a uniform name called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients
.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology, mainly including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), characterized by intestinal inflammation, tissue damage, Abdominal pain, frequent/persistent diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, fatigue,
etc.
It was first discovered in western developed countries
.
However, in recent years, the number of IBD patients in China has continued to increase due to unreasonable diet and work and rest habits.
According to a study, it is estimated that by 2025, the number of IBD patients in China will reach 1.
5 million
.
So, can the occurrence of IBD be related to the stress experienced by the patient? A recent study published in Nature Communications revealed a possible link between psychological stress and Crohn's disease flare-ups
.
The researchers found that psychological stress can lead to the breakdown of the functional barrier of the ileum, and at the same time lead to an increase in the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae, leading to enteritis
.
Image credit: Nature Communications Key to innate immunity is the protective barrier of intestinal epithelial cells
.
When our innate immune system is functioning properly, it prevents harmful bacteria from colonizing our body, but when immune cells are not functioning properly, the epithelial cell walls break down, allowing microbes associated with Crohn's disease to invade the gut and cause symptoms seizures
.
To study the effects of stress on the microbiome, the researchers developed a mouse model of acute psychological stress
.
After stress release, the microbiome in the ileum, cecum, and colon was analyzed with rRNA sequencing and compared to controls
.
Psychological stress was found to lead to dramatic changes in gut microbial populations: Enterobacteriaceae accounted for an increased proportion of all gut microbiota, most notably in the ileum, accounting for more than 80%; and the bacterial diversity in the ileum of mice was significantly reduced
.
Stress leads to an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in the mid-ileum Image Credit: Nature Communications So how do CD-associated pathogens respond to the dramatic expansion of Enterobacteriaceae in the ileum caused by psychological stress? For this, the researchers colonized a mouse model with E.
coli and then applied overnight stress
.
The number of E.
coli colonization was found to be significantly increased by 4-5 orders of magnitude compared to pre-stress
.
The researchers then subjected the E.
coli-colonized mice to repeated weekly bouts of acute psychological stress for 1 month, and showed that repeated exposure to stress gradually weakened the host's control of E.
coli
.
Psychological stress impairs host control in CD-associated E.
coli Image source: Nature Communications It is well known that both E.
coli colonization and psychological stress may exacerbate colitis, the researchers analyzed inflammatory cytokines and tissue barrier function in response to stress and found that psychological stress causes The functional barrier of the ileum is disrupted, which is exacerbated by the presence of E.
coli
.
IL-22 is a cytokine necessary for maintaining the integrity of the ileal mucosal barrier, and the researchers reasoned that stress might attenuate the protective response of IL-22 in the presence of invasive bacteria such as Escherichia coli
.
Therefore, the researchers treated E.
coli-colonized mice with IL-22-Fc and subjected the mice to stress to measure the number of colonized E.
coli bacteria
.
Surprisingly, E.
coli growth was significantly attenuated in the ileum of IL-22-Fc-treated mice compared to controls
.
This suggests that exogenous IL-22 supplementation can correct stress-induced mucosal immune damage and prevent gut dysbiosis
.
IL-22 Delivery Corrects Stress-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Image Source: Nature Communications Speaking of which, fellow social and animal colleagues, stress is yet another injury—it can impair the protective immunity of our gut barrier, Thus prone to enteritis! But think about it another way, by relieving stress, we might be able to prevent or reduce IBD symptoms
.
Recently, a study published in IBD showed that the use of antidepressants was beneficial to the course of UC and CD in patients with UC and CD, especially in patients who had not used antidepressants before the onset of IBD
.
Image credit: IBD IBD patients who used antidepressants had significantly lower rates of IBD relapse compared to patients who did not use antidepressants
.
Meanwhile, antidepressant therapy was more effective in CD patients compared with UC patients
.
Furthermore, either a single antidepressant therapy or a combination of multiple therapies can have a beneficial effect on the course of IBD
.
Antidepressant treatment reduces associated hospitalizations and surgeries in CD and UC patients Image source: IBD is still lacking in large clinical trials, and we do not know which class or drug is best for IBD
.
However, one truth has surfaced - mental health, really affects our guts! So, in this age of crazy involution, is your gut ready? Reference: [1] Psychological stress impairs IL22-driven protective gut mucosal immunity against colonising pathobionts.
Nat Commun.
2021 Nov 18;12(1):6664.
DOI: 10.
1038/s41467-021-26992-4.
[2] The Influence of Antidepressants on the Disease Course Among Patients With Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis-A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.
Inflamm Bowel Dis.
2019 Apr 11;25(5):886-893.
DOI: 10.
1093/ibd/izy367.
Written | Edited by Leyi | Swagpp Click "read the original text" below to download the Mace Medical APP
