The milled flaxseed diet reduces the gene expression of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and changes the gut microbiota of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice

Editor in charge: Food Science

Introduction

Flaxseed has become a functional food due to its high content of alpha -linolenic acid (ALA), flax lignans (SDG) and dietary fiber

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) accounts for 5% to 10% of global diabetes.

Dietary intervention has shown important benefits for diabetes.

Therefore, Hui Xia and Guiju Sun* of Southeast University in this study aimed to further study the role of whole flaxseed in the progression of T1D

Figure 1 Test results of MF fed T1D mice

Figure 2 Histopathological evaluation of pancreas in MF-fed mice

Figure 3 The effect of MF feeding on diabetic mice

As shown in Figure 4D, phylum-level intestinal flora imbalance was observed in T1D, and flaxseed feeding reversed this situation to a certain extent

Figure 4 The effect of MF feeding on the distribution and composition of feces of T1D mice
Then the differences between groups were analyzed at the level of phylum, genus and species
.
Among them, the MOD group had the lowest proportion of bacteria.
Compared with the MOD group, MF feeding showed an upward trend
.
After STZ injection, the proportion of actinomycetes in the MOD group and the MF group decreased significantly (Figure 5A)
.
Compared with the MOD group, MF feeding showed a statistical adjustment, that is, increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and UBA1819, and decreased the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Family_XIII_AD3011_group (Figure 5B)
.
Further, in the species level, significantly improves the MF feeding uncultured_bacterium_g_ Bacteroides relative abundance and uncultured_bacterium_g_UBA1819, reducing faecalis and uncultured_bacterium_g_ Family_XIII relative abundance _AD3011_group (FIG.
5C)
.


Figure 5 The effect of MF feeding on specific bacteria at the phylum, genus and species level
In addition, a correlation analysis between the improved physiological parameters and the gate was carried out at the gate level
.
The increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes is significantly correlated with the increase in liver glycogen levels and body weight
.
The decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria is significantly related to the increase in liver glycogen level and the decrease in blood glucose concentration
.
Conclusion
Flaxseed as a functional food shows health benefits.
It is not only rich in ALA and dietary fiber, but also becomes an important source of high-quality protein and phenolic compounds
.
The nutrient content of ground flaxseed is more bioavailable than whole seeds
.
This experiment aims to evaluate the effect of ground flaxseed on glucose homeostasis and its underlying mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and alteration of the gut microbiota
.
The experiment showed that flaxseed can regulate body weight, lower blood sugar levels, and improve glucose tolerance and islet morphology in T1D mice
.
Adding ground flaxseed to the diet of mice has a significant effect on liver inflammation through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
.
In addition, flaxseed feeding changes the composition of the intestinal microbiota, significantly reduces the abundance of the intestinal microbiota, increases the diversity of the microbiota, and regulates the distribution of the flora at different levels
.
In conclusion, this study shows that ground flaxseeds can anti-inflammatory and change the gut microbiota of STZ-induced diabetic mice through TLR4/NF-κB, showing the potential of anti-T1D