The most detailed adhesive classification and use summary

There are many types of adhesives, which can be divided into many types according to ingredients, uses, and physical forms.

Classified by ingredients

There are many types of adhesives, the more common ones are: urea-formaldehyde resin adhesives, polyvinyl acetate adhesives, polyacrylic resin adhesives, polyacrylic resins, polyurethane adhesives, hot melt adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, synthetic adhesives, and so on.

1.

It is a kind of sealant adhesive, which has the characteristics of cold resistance, heat resistance, aging resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance, high expansion fatigue strength, small permanent deformation, non-toxicity, etc.

2.

It can bond a variety of materials.

3.

Mainly used in the production of pressure-sensitive adhesives, but also in the textile and construction fields.

Adhesives for construction: mainly used for decoration, sealing or bonding between structures in construction projects.

4.
Hot melt adhesive

According to different raw materials, it can be divided into EVA hot-melt adhesive, polyamide hot-melt adhesive, polyester hot-melt adhesive, polyolefin hot-melt adhesive, etc.
At present, EVA hot melt adhesive is mainly produced and used in China.
The main raw materials of polyolefin series adhesives are ethylene series, SBS and SIS copolymers.

5.
Epoxy resin adhesive

Can bond metal and most non-metal materials, widely used in construction, automobiles, electronics, electrical appliances and daily household products

6.
Urea-formaldehyde resin, phenolic, melamine-formaldehyde adhesive

Mainly used in the wood processing industry, the formaldehyde emission after use is higher than the international standard.

Adhesives for wood processing: used for medium density fiberboard, gypsum board, plywood and particle board, etc.

7.
Synthetic adhesive

Mainly used in wood processing, construction, decoration, automobiles, shoemaking, packaging, textiles, electronics, printing and binding, etc.
At present, my country imports nearly 200,000 tons of synthetic adhesives each year, including hot-melt adhesives, silicone sealing adhesives, polyacrylic acid adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and polyvinyl chloride plastic adhesives for automobiles.
At the same time, about 20,000 tons of synthetic adhesives are exported annually, mainly polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl formal and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
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Classified by purpose   

1.
Sealing adhesive

Mainly used for the joints of doors, windows and prefabricated houses.
The high-end sealing adhesives are silicone and polyurethane adhesives, and the mid-range ones are neoprene-based adhesives and polyacrylic acid.
In my country, in the construction adhesive market, organic silicone adhesives and polyurethane sealant adhesives should be the future development direction.
At present, they account for about 30% of the sales of construction sealant adhesives.

2.
Adhesive for building structure

Mainly used for the connection between structural units.
Such as the external repair of reinforced concrete structures, metal reinforcement and fixing, and construction on-site construction, generally consider the use of epoxy resin series adhesives.

3.
Adhesives for automobiles

There are four types of adhesives, namely, car body, car interior decoration, windshield and car body chassis adhesives.

At present, the annual consumption of adhesives for automobiles in my country is about 40,000 tons, of which the most used are polyvinyl chloride plastic adhesives, neoprene adhesives and asphalt series adhesives.

4.
Adhesive for packaging

It is mainly used to make pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes and pressure-sensitive labels, and to bond the surface of packaging materials such as paper, plastic, and metal.
The adhesive for paper packaging materials is polyvinyl acetate emulsion.
Adhesives for plastic and metal packaging materials are polyacrylic emulsion, VAE emulsion, polyurethane adhesive and cyanoacrylate adhesive.

5.
Adhesives for electronics

The consumption is relatively small, currently less than 10,000 tons per year, most of which are used in integrated circuits and electronic products.
Currently, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and organic silicone adhesives are mainly used.
We can supply the end-capping adhesives for 5 micron thick electronic components, but the adhesives for 3 micron thick electronic components need to be imported from abroad.

6.
Adhesives for shoemaking

The annual consumption is about 125,000 tons, of which 110,000 tons are needed for neoprene adhesives and about 15,000 tons for polyurethane adhesives.
Since neoprene adhesives need to use benzene as a solvent, and benzene is harmful to the human body, the development should be restricted.
In order to meet the development needs of the shoe industry, the use of polyurethane adhesives will be the direction.

Classified by physical form

1.
Sealant 

1.
1 Classification by sealant vulcanization method 

(1) Humid air vulcanized sealant 

This type of sealant series uses moisture in the air for vulcanization.
It mainly includes one-component polyurethane, silicone rubber and polysulfide rubber.
The polymer base material contains active groups, which can react with water in the air to form cross-linked bonds and vulcanize the sealant into a network structure.
 

(2) Chemically vulcanized sealant 

Two-component polyurethane, silicone rubber, polysulfide rubber, chloroprene rubber and epoxy resin sealants all fall into this category, and are generally cured at room temperature.
Certain one-component chlorosulfonated polyethylene and neoprene rubber sealants and polyvinyl chloride sol paste sealants must be vulcanized by chemical reaction under heating conditions.
 

(3) Thermal transition type sealant 

The plasticizer-dispersed polyvinyl chloride resin and the asphalt-containing rubber used together are two different types of thermal conversion systems.
The vinyl resin plasticizer is a liquid suspension at room temperature, which is converted into a solid by heating to harden; while the rubber-asphalt combined sealant is hot-melt.
 

(4) Oxidation hardening sealant 

The dry surface sealant for mounting or installing glass is mainly based on dry or semi-dry vegetable oil or animal oil, which can be refined polymerized, blown or chemically modified.
 

(5) Solvent evaporating solidified sealant 

This is a sealant based on non-sticky polymers after the solvent evaporates.
This type of sealant mainly includes sealants such as butyl rubber, high molecular weight polyisobutylene, acrylate with a certain degree of polymerization, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and neoprene.
 

1.
2 Classification by sealant form 

(1) Paste sealant 

This type of sealant is basically used in static joints, and the service life is generally 2 years or more.
Generally, three main materials are used: oil and resin, polybutene, and asphalt.
 

(2) Liquid elastomer sealant 

  Such sealants include liquid polymers that can be vulcanized to form a truly elastic state, and they have the ability to withstand repeated joint deformations.
The polymer elastomers used in elastomer sealants include liquid polysulfide rubber, mercapto-terminated polypropylene ether, liquid polyurethane, room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, and low-molecular-weight butyl rubber.
This type of sealant is usually combined into two components, and the two components are mixed during use.
 

(3) Hot melt sealant 

Hot melt sealant is also called hot construction type sealant.
Refers to a sealant based on a blend of elastomer and thermoplastic resin.
This type of sealant is usually extruded directly into the joint through a certain mouth mold under heating (150-200°C).
Hot application can improve the wetting ability of the sealant to the base material to be adhered, so it has good adhesion to most base materials to be adhered.
Once placed in the proper position, it is cooled and formed or formed into a film to become a strong elastic body with little shrinkage.
The main materials of hot construction sealants are mainly isobutylene polymers, EPDM rubber and thermoplastic styrene block copolymers.
They are usually blended with thermoplastic resins such as EVA, EEA, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, etc.
 

(4) Liquid sealant 

This type of sealant is mainly used for the sealing of the mechanical joint surface to replace the solid sealing material, that is, the solid gasket to prevent the internal fluid of the machine from leaking from the joint surface.
This type of sealant is usually made of polymer materials such as rubber, resin, etc.
as the main material, together with fillers and other components.
Liquid sealants are usually divided into four categories: non-dry adhesive type, semi-dry viscoelasticity, dry adhesive type and dry peelable type.
Choose according to the specific application site and requirements.
 

1.
3 According to the performance classification of sealant after construction 

(1) Curing type sealant 

Curing sealants can be divided into two types: rigid sealants and flexible sealants: a) Rigid sealants form hard solids after vulcanization or solidification, and rarely have elasticity; some varieties of this type of sealants play both a sealing role and a glue Its representative sealant is based on epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyacrylate, polyamide and polyvinyl acetate.
b) The flexible sealant maintains its flexibility after vulcanization.
They are generally based on rubber elastomers.
The flexibility varies greatly, and the hardness (Shore A) is in the range of 10 to 80.
Some of these sealants are pure rubber, and most have good adhesive properties.
 

(2) Non-curing sealant 

This type of sealant is a soft coagulation sealant, and it remains non-drying after construction.
Usually in the form of a paste, it can be applied to the joints with a spatula or brush, and many sealants with different viscosities and properties can be matched.
 

2.
Classified by adhesive hardening method 

The code of low temperature hardening is a; the code of normal temperature hardening is b; the code of heating hardening is c; the code of hardening suitable for a variety of temperature areas is d; the code of curing with water is e; the code of anaerobic curing is f; radiation (light, electron beam) , Radiation) curing code is g; hot melt and cold hardening code is h; pressure-sensitive adhesive code is i; coagulation or agglomeration code is j, and other codes are k.

3.
According to the classification of the adhesive to be adhered 

The code of many types of materials is A; the code of wood is B; the code of paper is C; the code of natural fiber is D; the code of synthetic fiber is E; the code of polyolefin fiber (excluding class E) is F; the code of metal and alloy is G; difficult The code of sticky metal (gold, silver, copper, etc.
) is H; the code of metal fiber is I, and the code of inorganic fiber is J; the code of transparent inorganic materials (glass, gemstones, etc.
) is K; the code of opaque inorganic materials is L; the code of natural rubber is M; Synthetic rubber code is N; difficult-to-stick rubber (silicone rubber, fluororubber, butyl rubber) code is O, rigid plastic code is P, plastic film code is Q; leather and synthetic leather code is R, foam plastic code is code It is S; hard-to-stick plastics and films (fluoroplastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.
) are code-named T; biological tissue bones and dental materials are code-named U; other codes are V.
 

4.
Glue state

The code name of the solvent-free liquid is 1; 2 the code of organic solvent liquid is 2; 3 the code of water-based liquid is 3, 4 the code of paste, the code of paste is 4, the code of powder, granular, and the block are 5; 6 the code of flake, film The code for the shape, mesh, and ribbon is 6; the code for the 7 filament, strip, and rod is 7.

5.
Other adhesives: (not commonly used)

Metal structural adhesives, polymer structural adhesives, photosensitive sealing structural adhesives, other composite structural adhesives 

Thermosetting polymer glue: epoxy resin glue, polyurethane (PU) glue, amino resin glue, phenolic resin glue, acrylic resin glue, furan resin glue, meta-diphenol-formaldehyde resin glue, dimethylbenzene-formaldehyde resin glue, no Saturated polyester glue, composite resin glue, polyimide glue, urea-formaldehyde resin glue, other polymer glue 

Sealing adhesive: room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, epoxy resin sealant, polyurethane sealant, unsaturated polyester, acrylic, sealing putty, neoprene sealant, elastomer sealant, liquid gasket material, polysulfide Rubber sealant, other sealants 

Hot melt adhesives: hot melt adhesive strips, rubber pellets, rubber powder, EVA hot melt adhesives, rubber hot melt adhesives, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane hot melt adhesives, styrene hot melt adhesives, new hot melt adhesives , Polyethylene and ethylene copolymer hot melt adhesives, other hot melt adhesives 

Water-based adhesives: acrylic emulsion, vinyl acetate emulsion, polyvinyl acetal glue, emulsion glue, other water-based adhesives 

Pressure-sensitive adhesive (self-adhesive): glue, adhesive tape, solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesive, solvent pressure-sensitive adhesive, cured pressure-sensitive adhesive, rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, other pressure-sensitive adhesives 

Solvent glue: resin solution glue, rubber solution glue, other solvent glue 

Inorganic adhesives: hot melt inorganic adhesives, natural dry inorganic adhesives, chemical reaction inorganic adhesives, hydraulic inorganic adhesives, other inorganic adhesives 

Thermoplastic polymer adhesive: solid polymer glue, solution polymer glue, emulsion polymer glue, monomer polymer glue, other thermoplastic polymer glue 

Natural adhesives: protein glues, carbohydrate adhesives, other natural glues 

Rubber adhesives: silicone rubber adhesives, neoprene adhesives, nitrile rubber adhesives, modified natural rubber adhesives, chlorosulfonated polyethylene adhesives, polysulfide rubber adhesives, carboxyl rubber Adhesives, polyisobutylene, butyl rubber adhesives, other rubber adhesives 

High temperature resistant glue: organic silica gel, inorganic glue, high temperature mold resin glue, metal high temperature adhesive, other high temperature resistant glue 

Polymer adhesives: nitrile polymer adhesives, polysulfide rubber adhesives, polyvinyl chloride adhesives, polybutadiene adhesives, perchlorethylene adhesives, other polymer adhesives 

Repairing agent: metal repairing agent, high temperature repairing agent, emergency repairing agent, wear-resistant repairing agent, corrosion-resistant repairing agent, plastic repairing agent, other repairing agent 

Medical glue, glue for paper products, magnetic conductive glue, anti-magnetic glue, fireproof glue, anti-quench glue, anti-quench crack glue, animal glue, vegetable glue, mineral glue, food grade adhesive, other glue