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How fast is the genome mutation of the new coronavirus? The new coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus containing nearly 30,000 bases, and RNA viruses are more likely to introduce mutations in the replication process than DNA viruses.
, however, the new coronavirus does not mutate very quickly compared to the coronavirus that causes certain common colds, as well as the HIV virus that causes AIDS.
this may be due to the new coronavirus has a more complex mechanism of genetic mutation correction.
mutations can help the virus mutate, too many mutations in the genome can cause proteins to fail to form properly and virus replication to occur.
the new coronavirus gene mutation correction mechanism can be introduced in RNA replication error modification, to maintain the normal virus replication.
We may know that several current antiviral therapies, many of which are nucleotide analogas, do not work well with new coronavirus, and that they interfere with RNA replication by embedding nucleosides in the RNA sequence that make up the RNA in place of the RNA.
the new coronavirus's error-correcting mechanism has made most nucleoside antiviral therapies "unworkable," but this mechanism that makes it resistant to antiviral therapy also makes the genome of the new coronavirus more stable.
Dr Emma Hodcroft, a molecular infectious diseases scientist at the University of Basel, says the genome of the new coronavirus accumulates about two single-base mutations each month, one-half the rate of the coronavirus that causes the common cold and a quarter of the HIV virus.
mutations in the new coronavirus invalidate the new coronavirus? The new corona vaccine's action is to make the body's immune system produce a median antibody and cellular immune response to the new coronavirus antigen.
If the genome of the new coronavirus mutates, some genetic mutations could theoretically alter the composition of antigen proteins, preventing antibodies produced by the immune system from identifying and binding antigen proteins, such as the hedgehog proteins on the surface of the new coronavirus, thus neutralling the antibodies.
, in the real world, has this type of mutation occurred in the new coronavirus?In a scientific paper published recently in PNAS, researchers analyzed the genomes of 18,484 new coronavirus viruses and found that the sequence of pyrethroid proteins encoding new coronavirus was very stable, with the most significant mutation being the D614G mutation, which occupies the no. 614 position in the earliest new coronavirus protrusion protein.
and mutates, this position becomes glycine (G).
coronavirus, which carries this variant, is now dominant globally.
, however, the mutation is in the binding part of the hedgehog protein S1 sub-base and S2 sub-base and is not easily identified by antibodies.
, the researchers speculate that the mutation does not affect the binding of antibodies to prickly proteins.
In addition to the D614G variant, the second-highest number of genetic variants on the hedgehog protein is a synonymic mutation (the gene sequence changes, but the resulting amino acids do not change), with a frequency of only 1.96%.
comparison of different hedgehog protein sequences showed that the difference between the new coronavirus sequences found in infected patients and the baseline sequence was only 0.55 base mutations.
means that there are not many genetic mutations in the viruses that currently exist around the world that can disable vaccines.
This conclusion has also been validated in the development of the medium antibody, which, whether developed by Vir Biotechnology or Regenerative, has a meso-effect on almost 100% of the new coronavirus strains in preclinical trials.
Moremore, the new coronavirus usually stimulates a variety of different antibodies in the body against the new coronavirus antigen, which is combined with different tables of the antigen protein, making it more difficult for the new coronavirus to evade the role of the antibody through genetic mutations.
the new coronavirus gene mutation that makes vaccines fail in the future? Current scientific studies have shown that the genetic variants already produced in the new coronavirus do not significantly affect the effectiveness of the antibodies and the new coronavirus vaccine.
, however, historical experience has shown that resistance can be produced, and that antibiotic resistance to bacteria is currently a major challenge in the global health field.
, is it possible that the new coronavirus, like drug-resistant bacteria, will gradually gain the ability to evade the vaccine-inspired immune response? The answer to this question starts with the mechanism of natural selection.
natural selection refers to the fact that species carrying certain genetic mutations gain a survival advantage due to certain selection pressures, resulting in an increasing proportion of the population as a whole.
take antibiotic resistance as an example, bacteria that carry mutants of resistance usually only appear after people abuse antibiotics, because the pressure of antibiotics to choose makes them "stand out" in this environment.
in the absence of antibiotics, these bacteria, which carry mutants of resistance, do not show a survival advantage over other bacteria.
map of the natural selection process of drug-resistant bacteria (Photo: Wykis / Public domain) Scientists have now discovered new coronavirus strains that can evade certain neutral antibody effects, but they are still very rare in the global population.
because most people in the global population are not immune to the new coronavirus, their immune systems are not yet able to exert selective pressure on the reproduction of the new coronavirus.
means that these genetic mutations, which are potentially resistant to vaccines, are not yet available.
it is true that if the new crown vaccine succeeds in increasing the immunity of people around the world to the new coronavirus, the number of new coronavirus strains carrying immune escape gene mutations may gradually increase under the pressure of immunity selection.
, scientists still need to closely monitor the emergence of new genetic mutations.
resources: the coronavirus is mutating - does it matter? Retrieved September 8, 2020, from the stable SARS-CoV-2 genome is good news for vaccine developers. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from s.3. Dearlove et al., (2020). A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate would would likely match all currently reedinging variants. PNAS,