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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Drugs Articles > The new dawn of cancer treatment, why is PD-1 monoclonal antibody so popular? Panorama of domestic layout

    The new dawn of cancer treatment, why is PD-1 monoclonal antibody so popular? Panorama of domestic layout

    • Last Update: 2019-05-30
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    PD-1 / PD-L1 immunotherapy is a hot topic in the global medicine circle in recent years, and it is also the goal of the whole medical experts in the past 40 years It has set off a brand-new cancer treatment revolution, changed people's adherence to the treatment mode (killing tumor cells), brought a new treatment idea for human beings, and also found a new hope for cancer patients, especially the late patients to survive With the integration of natural thinking, it is a natural law that all things in this medicine are created and controlled by each other Disease is also a part of nature, and of course, it is no exception In fact, at the moment when the disease occurs, the human or biological body has the natural enemy of the disease, which is the "immune system" PD-1 aims to make full use of the immune system of the human body to resist and fight against cancer By blocking the PD-1 / PD-L1 signal pathway, cancer cells die It has the potential to treat multiple types of tumors and substantially improve the total survival period of patients In fact, there is not much difference between tumor cells and other cells in our body in how mAb PD-1 works However, compared with other cells, there is no limit, and they can continuously proliferate, one changes two, two changes four, until the end is irremediable But the human immune system is also born for this reason, never allowing cells to proliferate indefinitely, once infected or mutated cells are detected Many different types of toxins are produced immediately, forcing tumor cells to self destruct (i.e programmed cell death) But tumor cells are also tricky Because there is a protein called PD-1 on the surface of T cells, tumor cells generate a PD-L1 protein on their own surface (as a ligand of PD-1) As long as PD-1 is combined with PD-L1, T cells will mistakenly think that this is a normal cell, and tumor cells will be safe It is precisely "PD-1 monoclonal antibody" that makes use of this; it makes use of the combination characteristics of PD-1 and PD-L1; it makes use of "foreign PD-1" or "foreign PD-L1" as the third force, so that the original "one pair" cannot be combined, so that T cells can kill tumor cells In this way, PD-1 mAb and PD-L1 mAb are also produced Foreign products vs domestic products: nawumab is produced by Squibb Company and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2014; approved by the State Drug Administration in June 2018 and listed in China, it can be used for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell cancer, etc Pabolizumab injection: it was developed by mosadong On September 4, 2014, it was approved by the FDA of the United States and became the first PD-1 inhibitor approved by the FDA On July 25, 2018, it was also approved by the National Drug Administration for the treatment of melanoma Atzumab: developed by Roche and approved by FDA on May 18, 2016; used for the treatment of metastatic / recurrent bladder epithelial cancer and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer Bavencio: developed by Merck, Pfizer and Lilly, and approved by FDA in March 2017 For the treatment of metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma Imfinzi: developed by AstraZeneca and approved by FDA on May 1, 2018, for the treatment of urothelial cancer and non-small cell lung cancer The first tier of domestic listing of cindilimab: developed by Cinda bio, it was officially approved by the National Drug Administration (nmpa) on December 27, 2018 for the treatment of relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma Trepril mAb: it is produced by Junshi biology On December 17, 2018, the State Drug Administration had the conditions to approve its listing for the treatment of advanced melanoma Carilizumab: developed by Hengrui medicine, now approved, waiting for listing, for the treatment of relapsed / refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma Tirelizumab: developed by Baiji Shenzhou, it is currently in the state of labor reporting and has not been approved In the future, it is mainly used for the treatment of relapsed / refractory classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (R / rchl) Through the comparison of the above products, the main indications at home and abroad are almost the same The biggest advantage of domestic drugs over imported drugs is that the price is cheap enough, especially in combination with various activities, which can be affordable for most patients In addition, it can be seen that the same drug will have multiple cancer indications, or different drugs can treat the same disease, which has to be attributed to the characteristics of PD-1: 1 Broad spectrum: because PD-1 does not directly kill tumor cells, but chooses to rely on the characteristics of the human body's own immune system In the face of all tumor cells, no matter what kind of pathogenic characteristics, it can be carried out At present, for the vast majority of tumors, it can be tried With the deepening of research, more and more tumors will be included in the treatment project At present, it is mainly limited to melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, etc 2 Persistence: as we all know, in clinical practice, the "5-year survival rate" is generally used as the treatment effect of patients with advanced tumors, which means that the best treatment effect, the survival of 5 years has been very good However, in patients with PD-1 inhibitors, the duration of efficacy maintenance is longer than that of the general treatment, especially in some advanced patients for five or ten years For some malignant tumors, the 5-year survival rate has been greatly improved Imagine, a 60 year old patient with malignant tumors, from the possible 3-year survival time to 6-10 years, which is no different from curing the tumor 3 Low toxicity: the side effects of PD-1 inhibitor are much smaller than that of traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy The incidence of serious adverse reactions of grade 3-4 is reduced by half or even more At present, the progress of the second R & D echelon in China is accelerating rapidly The overall research progress of PD-L1 is behind PD-1, but the number of varieties is more than PD-1 On the other hand, the research enterprises of PD-1 and PD-L1 are different It shows that the research heat is still so high The future prospect of PD-1 / PD-L1 at present, the market trend of PD-1 monoclonal antibody in foreign countries is good, and the annual sales volume shows a steady growth In 2014, the annual sales of Nawu McAb was only 36.85 million yuan, and in 2018, the sales reached 44.5 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 30% According to the 2018 financial report, the total revenue of BMS in the whole year is 22.561 billion US dollars, including 6.7 billion US dollars of annual revenue of nawumab, which is equivalent to one third of the company's revenue of a drug, which is really eye-catching With the progress of science and technology, the in-depth exploration of tumor pathogenesis and the continuous improvement of drug treatment, more PD-1 antibodies will also be listed one after another, more indications of PD-1 monoclonal antibodies will also be studied by enterprises, which will certainly bring more profits, which is why the first-line enterprises continue to increase research funding At present, cancer drugs have received strong support from the state On the one hand, the green channel for imported patented anti-tumor drugs has been opened, the speed of review and approval has been accelerated, so that China can get access to cutting-edge scientific and technological products in the first time; on the other hand, domestic biological research enterprises are encouraged to explore and develop independently, and have products ahead of the world as soon as possible It can be said that it is an excellent time for domestic enterprises to develop tumor field.
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