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Science and Technology Daily News (Intern Reporter Zhang Jiaxin) Scientists at Harvard University in the United States have developed a new solid-state lithium metal battery for electric vehicles, which is expected to be fully charged in 3 minutes and can last for 20 years
.
The paper was recently published in
the journal Nature.
Currently, startup Adden Energy has announced that it has received an exclusive technology license from Harvard's Office of Technology Development to advance the commercialization of the technology, with the goal of shrinking the battery to a palm-sized "pouch cell" with components encapsulated in
an aluminum-coated film.
The battery uses lithium in pure metal form instead of the lithium-ion
used in electric vehicle batteries currently on the market.
At the same time, "solid" refers to the use of solid electrodes and solid electrolytes, rather than liquid or polymer gel electrolytes
in lithium-ion batteries.
In the lab, the team's battery prototype was able to charge as fast as 3 minutes and could be cycled more than 10,000 times
over its lifetime.
Currently, the researchers say, even the best batteries in their class have only 2,000-3,000 charge cycles, and the technology could be a "game-changer.
"
The new battery's new and sophisticated design is inspired by the classic British sandwich
.
Compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries store much more energy in the same volume and take much
less time to charge than traditional lithium-ion batteries.
But they easily form "dendrites" — tiny, rigid tree-like structures
.
Dendrites grow in the cell, and the part of its needle-like protrusion is called dendrite
.
These structures grow into the electrolyte like roots and pierce the barrier separating the anode and cathode, potentially causing the battery to catch fire
.
A sandwich-like multilayer structure prevents dendrite structure formation
.
If we think of the battery as a sandwich, first a layer of bread (lithium metal anode), then lettuce (graphite coating), followed by a layer of tomatoes (the first electrolyte) and a layer of bacon (the second electrolyte), and finally another layer of tomatoes and finally a piece of bread (cathode).
In this design, dendritic protrusions grow in "lettuce" and "tomatoes", but stop
at "bacon".
The "Bacon" barrier prevents dendrites from passing through and short-circuiting the battery, thus preventing
malfunctions.
In addition, the battery is self-repairing, meaning its chemical composition allows it to backfill the holes
created by dendrite.
The startup says the rapid development of clean energy storage technology is critical
to combating climate change.
Global vehicle electrification alone is estimated to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 16%, and this "new battery model" is seen as key
to achieving this.