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▎Editor of WuXi AppTec's content team Recently, the number of new coronavirus infection cases in India has surged, with a single-day increase of more than 300,000 cases, which has aroused widespread concern around the world.
With the increase in the number of patient cases, a new coronavirus strain called B.
1.
617 has also become one of the focuses of attention.
Some media refer to it as a "double mutation" or "triple mutation" virus strain, and even call it the "King Gu".
So is B.
1.
617 really more "toxic" than other new coronaviruses? How effective are the existing vaccines against it? How much does India’s recent surge in the number of new crown cases have to do with it? Today, WuXi AppTec's content team will discuss these issues in conjunction with public information.
Where did WuXi AppTec's content team map the B.
1.
617 mutant virus strain? Although the B.
1.
617 mutant strain has recently become one of the focus of public attention, it has not appeared recently.
This mutant virus strain was first discovered in India as early as October 2020.
Compared with the wild-type new coronavirus, it has 13 unique gene mutations, of which 5 gene mutations occur in the S gene encoding the new coronavirus spike protein.
From this perspective, it is not accurate to call it "double mutation" and "triple mutation".
▲Gene mutations carried by the B.
1.
617 mutant strain (picture source: reference [6]) The origin of these names is because some mutations in the S protein are thought to increase the infectious ability of the new coronavirus, or they evade neutralizing antibodies The ability to recognize.
The two mutations that have attracted attention are L452R and E484Q.
Existing experimental results show that L452R may improve the transmission ability of the new coronavirus, while E484Q may improve the immune escape ability of the virus.
Because it carries two important mutations that may affect the transmission and immune escape of the new coronavirus, it is called a "double mutation" virus by some media.
However, it is not uncommon for new coronavirus strains to carry multiple genetic mutations that affect transmission and immune escape.
For example, the B.
1.
351 and P.
1 virus strains originally found in South Africa and Brazil also carry multiple mutations that may affect transmission and immune escape.
▲Is the important gene mutation carried by the three new coronavirus mutant strains that have received attention before (mapped by WuXi AppTec's content team) B.
1.
617 is more spreading? The answer to the question of whether B.
1.
617 is more communicative may depend on whom it compares with.
Compared with the first wild-type new coronavirus, the transmission power of B.
1.
617 may have become stronger, but compared with other new coronavirus mutant strains currently circulating in the world, the current data does not show B.
The 1.
671 mutant strain is more capable of spreading.
The analysis chart on nextstrain.
org, a website that tracks mutant strains of new crowns around the world, shows that when B.
1.
617 first appeared in India in October 2020, it did not quickly become the main mutant strain in the population.
▲The proportion of different new coronavirus mutant strains found in the Indian population (picture source: nextstrain.
org) Even during the recent surge in the number of new coronavirus cases in India, the number of people infected with the B.
1.
617 mutant strain has risen rapidly, but it has risen Compared with other COVID-19 mutants circulating in India at the same time, no significant difference has been observed.
Dr.
Trevor Bedford, who is dedicated to using supercomputers and complex statistical methods to study the spread and evolution of viruses at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center), said that his team's analysis of India's new crown cases found multiple mutations The strain is driving the increase in cases.
The initial proportion of B.
1.
617 in the population was higher in January this year, so the proportion of patients in the outbreak of the number of cases was also relatively higher. How can the existing vaccines protect against it? Among the vaccines that have been approved for widespread use, there are not many studies on the protective ability of B.
1.
617.
Recently, Bharat Biotech and the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR) jointly announced the latest interim analysis results of the inactivated new crown vaccine COVAXIN produced in India in a phase 3 clinical trial.
The press release pointed out that due to the recent surge in case data, 127 cases were collected in the interim analysis of Phase 3 clinical trials with a total of 25,800 registered participants.
Data analysis shows that COVAXIN has 78% (95% CI: 61-88) protection against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% protection against severe COVID-19.
Although this result does not include the analysis of specific mutant strains, the 78% protection effect obtained in the case of multiple mutant virus strains shows that this inactivated vaccine can still play a protective role.
In addition, the research team of Bharat and ICMR recently published a paper on the preprint website bioRxiv describing the neutralizing ability of the serum of vaccine recipients against B.
1.
617.
They found that compared with the D614G strain used in the inactivated vaccine, the neutralizing ability of the serum of volunteers vaccinated with COVAXIN decreased, but the geometric mean titer (GMT) decreased by 1.
95 times.
Compared with another widely popular B.
1.
1.
7 mutant, GMT decreased by 1.
84 times.
These data show that although B.
1.
617 has a certain immune escape ability, existing vaccines may still have a protective effect on it.
▲Comparison of the neutralization titer of B.
1.
617 and other new coronavirus strains in serum of volunteers vaccinated with COVAXIN inactivated new crown vaccine (picture source: reference [8]) Conclusion The current research results show that B.
1.
617 is compared with wild-type new crown virus.
Compared with the virus, it may have a stronger transmission power and immune escape ability. However, compared with other new coronavirus mutant strains that are currently circulating in the world (such as B.
1.
351 and P.
1), it does not show stronger transmission or immune escape ability.
In the outbreak of new crown cases in India, a variety of mutant strains may have played a role in fueling the flames.
However, in a report published in Nature a few days ago, industry experts also pointed out that the vaccination rate of the Indian population is less than 10%, and large-scale events are open.
, Leading to a large increase in people's gathering and circulation is also an important reason for the surge in cases.
As long as the new coronavirus continues to spread, new genetic mutations may occur and change the transmission and immune escape ability of the new coronavirus.
Therefore, timely monitoring of mutant strains of the new coronavirus is still very important.
The lessons of the recent surge in cases in India also remind us once again: universal COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible, as well as maintaining social distancing and good personal hygiene are still the best means to limit the spread of COVID-19 and prevent the emergence of new mutant strains.
Reference: [1] Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus-Asia-focused subsampling.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from https://nextstrain.
org/ncov/asia?c=emerging_lineage&f_country=India&p=full&r=division[2] Greaney et al.
, (2021).
Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies.
Cell Host & Microbe, DOI:https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
chom.
2021.
02.
003.
[3] People Are Talking About A'Double Mutant' Variant In India.
What Does That Mean? Retrieved April 25, 2021, from 04/24/988744811/people-are-talking-about-a-double-mutant-variant-in-india-what-does-that-mean[4] Deng et al.
, (2021).
Transmission, infectivity, and neutralization of a spike L452R SARS-CoV-2 variant.
Cell, DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
04.
025.
[5] India's massive COVID surge puzzles scientists.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from, https://assets.
publishing.
service.
gov.
uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/979818/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_9_England.
pdf[ 7] Bharat Biotech and ICMR Announce Interim Results from Phase 3 trials of COVAXIN®; Demonstrates overall Interim Clinical Efficacy of 78% and 100% efficacy against Severe COVID-19 disease.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from .
com/images/press/covaxin-phase3-clinical-trials-interim-results.
pdf[8] Yadav et al.
, (2021).
Neutralization of variant under investigation B.
1.
617 with sera of BBV152 vaccinees.
bioRxiv,https://doi.
org/10.
1101/2021.
04.
23.
441101 Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, and is not a treatment plan recommendation. If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
With the increase in the number of patient cases, a new coronavirus strain called B.
1.
617 has also become one of the focuses of attention.
Some media refer to it as a "double mutation" or "triple mutation" virus strain, and even call it the "King Gu".
So is B.
1.
617 really more "toxic" than other new coronaviruses? How effective are the existing vaccines against it? How much does India’s recent surge in the number of new crown cases have to do with it? Today, WuXi AppTec's content team will discuss these issues in conjunction with public information.
Where did WuXi AppTec's content team map the B.
1.
617 mutant virus strain? Although the B.
1.
617 mutant strain has recently become one of the focus of public attention, it has not appeared recently.
This mutant virus strain was first discovered in India as early as October 2020.
Compared with the wild-type new coronavirus, it has 13 unique gene mutations, of which 5 gene mutations occur in the S gene encoding the new coronavirus spike protein.
From this perspective, it is not accurate to call it "double mutation" and "triple mutation".
▲Gene mutations carried by the B.
1.
617 mutant strain (picture source: reference [6]) The origin of these names is because some mutations in the S protein are thought to increase the infectious ability of the new coronavirus, or they evade neutralizing antibodies The ability to recognize.
The two mutations that have attracted attention are L452R and E484Q.
Existing experimental results show that L452R may improve the transmission ability of the new coronavirus, while E484Q may improve the immune escape ability of the virus.
Because it carries two important mutations that may affect the transmission and immune escape of the new coronavirus, it is called a "double mutation" virus by some media.
However, it is not uncommon for new coronavirus strains to carry multiple genetic mutations that affect transmission and immune escape.
For example, the B.
1.
351 and P.
1 virus strains originally found in South Africa and Brazil also carry multiple mutations that may affect transmission and immune escape.
▲Is the important gene mutation carried by the three new coronavirus mutant strains that have received attention before (mapped by WuXi AppTec's content team) B.
1.
617 is more spreading? The answer to the question of whether B.
1.
617 is more communicative may depend on whom it compares with.
Compared with the first wild-type new coronavirus, the transmission power of B.
1.
617 may have become stronger, but compared with other new coronavirus mutant strains currently circulating in the world, the current data does not show B.
The 1.
671 mutant strain is more capable of spreading.
The analysis chart on nextstrain.
org, a website that tracks mutant strains of new crowns around the world, shows that when B.
1.
617 first appeared in India in October 2020, it did not quickly become the main mutant strain in the population.
▲The proportion of different new coronavirus mutant strains found in the Indian population (picture source: nextstrain.
org) Even during the recent surge in the number of new coronavirus cases in India, the number of people infected with the B.
1.
617 mutant strain has risen rapidly, but it has risen Compared with other COVID-19 mutants circulating in India at the same time, no significant difference has been observed.
Dr.
Trevor Bedford, who is dedicated to using supercomputers and complex statistical methods to study the spread and evolution of viruses at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center), said that his team's analysis of India's new crown cases found multiple mutations The strain is driving the increase in cases.
The initial proportion of B.
1.
617 in the population was higher in January this year, so the proportion of patients in the outbreak of the number of cases was also relatively higher. How can the existing vaccines protect against it? Among the vaccines that have been approved for widespread use, there are not many studies on the protective ability of B.
1.
617.
Recently, Bharat Biotech and the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR) jointly announced the latest interim analysis results of the inactivated new crown vaccine COVAXIN produced in India in a phase 3 clinical trial.
The press release pointed out that due to the recent surge in case data, 127 cases were collected in the interim analysis of Phase 3 clinical trials with a total of 25,800 registered participants.
Data analysis shows that COVAXIN has 78% (95% CI: 61-88) protection against symptomatic COVID-19 and 100% protection against severe COVID-19.
Although this result does not include the analysis of specific mutant strains, the 78% protection effect obtained in the case of multiple mutant virus strains shows that this inactivated vaccine can still play a protective role.
In addition, the research team of Bharat and ICMR recently published a paper on the preprint website bioRxiv describing the neutralizing ability of the serum of vaccine recipients against B.
1.
617.
They found that compared with the D614G strain used in the inactivated vaccine, the neutralizing ability of the serum of volunteers vaccinated with COVAXIN decreased, but the geometric mean titer (GMT) decreased by 1.
95 times.
Compared with another widely popular B.
1.
1.
7 mutant, GMT decreased by 1.
84 times.
These data show that although B.
1.
617 has a certain immune escape ability, existing vaccines may still have a protective effect on it.
▲Comparison of the neutralization titer of B.
1.
617 and other new coronavirus strains in serum of volunteers vaccinated with COVAXIN inactivated new crown vaccine (picture source: reference [8]) Conclusion The current research results show that B.
1.
617 is compared with wild-type new crown virus.
Compared with the virus, it may have a stronger transmission power and immune escape ability. However, compared with other new coronavirus mutant strains that are currently circulating in the world (such as B.
1.
351 and P.
1), it does not show stronger transmission or immune escape ability.
In the outbreak of new crown cases in India, a variety of mutant strains may have played a role in fueling the flames.
However, in a report published in Nature a few days ago, industry experts also pointed out that the vaccination rate of the Indian population is less than 10%, and large-scale events are open.
, Leading to a large increase in people's gathering and circulation is also an important reason for the surge in cases.
As long as the new coronavirus continues to spread, new genetic mutations may occur and change the transmission and immune escape ability of the new coronavirus.
Therefore, timely monitoring of mutant strains of the new coronavirus is still very important.
The lessons of the recent surge in cases in India also remind us once again: universal COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible, as well as maintaining social distancing and good personal hygiene are still the best means to limit the spread of COVID-19 and prevent the emergence of new mutant strains.
Reference: [1] Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus-Asia-focused subsampling.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from https://nextstrain.
org/ncov/asia?c=emerging_lineage&f_country=India&p=full&r=division[2] Greaney et al.
, (2021).
Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies.
Cell Host & Microbe, DOI:https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
chom.
2021.
02.
003.
[3] People Are Talking About A'Double Mutant' Variant In India.
What Does That Mean? Retrieved April 25, 2021, from 04/24/988744811/people-are-talking-about-a-double-mutant-variant-in-india-what-does-that-mean[4] Deng et al.
, (2021).
Transmission, infectivity, and neutralization of a spike L452R SARS-CoV-2 variant.
Cell, DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
04.
025.
[5] India's massive COVID surge puzzles scientists.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from, https://assets.
publishing.
service.
gov.
uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/979818/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_9_England.
pdf[ 7] Bharat Biotech and ICMR Announce Interim Results from Phase 3 trials of COVAXIN®; Demonstrates overall Interim Clinical Efficacy of 78% and 100% efficacy against Severe COVID-19 disease.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from .
com/images/press/covaxin-phase3-clinical-trials-interim-results.
pdf[8] Yadav et al.
, (2021).
Neutralization of variant under investigation B.
1.
617 with sera of BBV152 vaccinees.
bioRxiv,https://doi.
org/10.
1101/2021.
04.
23.
441101 Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research, and is not a treatment plan recommendation. If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
