The physical and chemical properties and uses of steroidal anabolic hormone drugs

Anabolic hormones (anabolichormones) are one of the most important drugs with residual toxicological significance
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Anabolic hormones have a strong protein assimilation effect, that is, mainly by enhancing assimilation metabolism, inhibiting alienation or oxidative metabolism, promoting protein deposition, reducing fat ratio, thereby increasing the feed conversion rate, and achieving the purpose of greatly improving the economic benefits of animal breeding

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1 Physical and chemical properties

The structure of ASs has 1,2-cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene basic nucleus (see Figure 8-1), and the steroid nucleus is formed by the fusion of A, B, C and D rings
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A, B, and C are six-membered rings, and D is a five-membered ring

ASs are white or milky white crystalline powder
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Because there are multiple oxygen-containing groups in the structure, the melting point is relatively high (up to 200-300°C)

ASs molecules contain hydroxyl groups, ketone groups, double bonds and halogens.
These are the main active groups of ASs, which can undergo acylation, condensation (oxime, hydrazone), ether formation, oxidation, and diazo coupling reactions
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When it encounters strong acids such as sulfuric acid, a color or fluorescence reaction occurs.

Figure 8-1 The basic structure of steroid hormones

The A ring of ASs generally contains conjugated double bonds and has strong UV absorption (ε≈104) at 200-400nm
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According to the UV absorption characteristics of the A ring, ASs can be divided into the following three categories (see Figure 8-2):

(1) Ring A is a phenolic structure (feature of estrogen), λ _max ≈281nm;

(2) Ring A is a, β-unsaturated ketone structure (△4-3-ketone), λ _max ≈240nm (239～244nm) (narrow peak);

(3) Ring A has a △'4-3-dienone structure, with λ _max ≈238 nm (broad peak)
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Figure 8-2 A ring structure and UV absorption characteristics of ASs

Table 8-1 Common androgens and their physical and chemical properties

Table 8-2 Common estrogen and its physical and chemical properties

Table 8-3 Common progestins and their physical and chemical properties

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2 Purpose

The assimilation activity of ASs is mainly manifested as: assimilation metabolism; increase in muscle/fat ratio; increase basic metabolism and improve feed conversion rate; inhibit oxidative metabolism and reduce material consumption; stimulate erythropoietin production, or directly act on the bone marrow hematopoietic system to make red blood cells Increased production; androgen and estrogen receptors have been found in skeletal muscle cells, indicating that ASs can directly act on muscle cells to cause muscle hyperplasia
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Estrogen and progesterone can also inhibit estrus, contraception, increase appetite, in order to achieve the purpose of gaining weight

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