The position of dairy farming in national economy

Introduction: the development of dairy industry in China has broad market prospects and huge potential market The per capita amount of fresh milk in the world is 80.85 kg, while that in China is only 4.75 kg, about one twentieth of the world average With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for milk products in China will increase dramatically Because milk food has a high nutritional value, it contains 120 kinds of nutrients that people need, more than 20 kinds of amino acids, more than 20 kinds of minerals and vitamins People who drink more milk have a lower mortality rate of gastric cancer; Marseilles in Europe have a lower proportion of heart disease and arteriosclerosis because they eat more milk and yoghurt Raising cows is also a breeding industry with relatively high economic benefits At present, a cow with a daily output of 20 kg of milk has a net benefit of about 3500 yuan a year, which is equivalent to the economic benefits of 30-50 mu of grain crops It is the key to raise and manage the cows with good performance by scientific and reasonable methods "The whole body of a cow is a treasure" In addition to providing people with nutritious milk and meat, its skin, hair, bone, blood and internal organs are good raw materials for light industry and pharmaceutical industry Raising an adult cow can produce about 20000 kg of organic fertilizer a year, and provide 10 mu of fertilizer for agricultural production, which can increase grain production by 25-30 kg per mu It can reduce the amount of fertilizer used in agricultural production, reduce the environmental pollution, and provide a good fertilizer source for the production of green food and organic food With the development of dairy industry, it will play a good role in promoting the development of rural economy According to the statistics of 1992, the number of dairy cows raised in the world is 229 million, while the number of improved and improved dairy cows raised in China in 1995 is 4.172 million However, in recent years, due to the measures taken by the state, the collective and the individual, the number of dairy cows in China has grown rapidly In dairy production, due to the application of some new technologies, the production level of dairy cows has also been greatly improved According to the statistics of dairy farms in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other places, in the 10-month lactation period, the average milk production per cow is 6000-7000 kg At present, Israel has the highest average milk production in the world, with an average milk production of 9105 kg in one lactation period, followed by the United States, with an average milk production of 7483 kg Due to the small amount of dairy cattle in China before, in the rapid development period of dairy industry, the production performance of dairy cattle purchased in the market is generally low, even some of them are impure Therefore, in the development of quantity, we should pay attention to the improvement of cow quality, make a good record of cow production, pay attention to the selection of reserve cattle from the offspring of high-yield cattle, and gradually eliminate the individuals with low production performance If embryo transfer can be carried out, it is an effective way to improve the quality of cattle There is a strong correlation between the physical appearance of the cow and its production performance When buying the cow, we should pay attention to the identification of the physical appearance of the cow, and choose the individual whose physical appearance accords with the characteristics of the cow As the development of dairy production is a new industry in the county, the technology of cattle feeding management, breeding, disease prevention and treatment can not meet the needs of production In this case, we should contact some scientific research and teaching units and invite experts to guide production, which is an effective way to ensure the healthy development of dairy industry At present, the trend of raising cows in the world is toward the direction of specialization and industrialization, which generally improves the level of mechanization, so it also enhances the ability to resist risks, and obtains higher economic benefits With the rapid development of biological science and technology, some high and new technologies have been popularized and applied in dairy cattle, such as genetic engineering, estrus synchronization, cold embryo transfer, identical twins, embryo sex identification, embryo segmentation, hormone immunity and so on In the feeding management of dairy cattle, we should pay attention to the application of new technology, which is an important measure to obtain better economic benefits In order to give full play to the production potential of dairy cows, we should pay attention to the reasonable collocation of forage When conditions permit, the mixed ration and full price feeding shall be carried out The coarse and refined materials and mineral feed shall be well matched according to the nutritional needs of the cattle, and the granular feed shall be made for feeding the cattle Feeding cattle with pellet feed, not only the feed utilization rate is high, but also can better meet the nutritional needs of cattle At the same time, it also saves labor and reduces labor intensity In the development of dairy production at the same time, we should pay attention to the cultivation of forage, juicy feed and the processing of green feed During the construction of cattle farm, attention should be paid to the selection of the site The cattle house should be built in a high and dry place and in the downwind of the residential area It should be considered that the environment should not be polluted, which is convenient for sewage discharge and not polluted by the surrounding environment Therefore, the cattle farm should not be built near the high product processing plant, tannery, chemical plant, cement plant and residential sewage discharge point The distance between cattle farm and residential area and main traffic road shall be more than 300m, and the distance between cattle farm and other farms shall be more than 500m Because of the large amount of products and feed in and out of dairy farm, and the more contact with the outside world, the convenience of transportation and communication should be taken into account when the site is built The construction site must also have sufficient and clean water To build cattle farm and cattle raising community, we should be careful in choosing the site, otherwise it will bring inconvenience and loss to cattle raising.