The practice and application of FS101 and FS102 underground rigid composite waterproofing technology

1 Overview
Buildings are developing rapidly to today, people's extensive development and utilization of underground space, so that the depth of underground space gradually deepened, which led to the leakage of underground projects occur from time to time, the difficulty of maintenance is also increasing, we not only strengthen the construction and acceptance links, but also to seek a can meet the use of functions, but also can do a reasonable process, but also can do green, energy-saving and efficient, waterproof and structural life of the process technology. In November 2006, the Science and Technology Development Center of the Ministry of Construction released the national construction industry science and technology achievements promotion project "FS101, FS102 rigid composite technology", at the same time in GB 50208-2011 and GB 50108-2008 related provisions of the note also mentioned, and gave a certain degree of affirmation. The technology is in the concrete mixed with FS102 concrete compaction, and with the concrete structure surface FS101 waterproof mortar, forming a "rigid composite" "body" waterproof system, can reduce shrinkage, control cracking, while having good impermeability, greatly improve the underground project waterproof impermeability assurance, meet the requirements of engineering waterproofing and structure life with
China
.2 Process Principle
FS102 is a concrete waterproof and dense agent, which can improve the tightness and impermeability of concrete gel, while reducing the early shrinkage of concrete and effectively controlling a concrete improvement admixol for concrete cracks.
FS101 is a kind of mortar waterproofing agent, mainly by strengthening the components and catalytic components of the reaction, and cement hydration and pre-embossion chemical reaction to produce gel materials and crystals, thereby improving the cement gel tightness, impermeability of the special inorderable mortar waterproof material.
Based on the above situation, on the basis of adding FS102 concrete waterproof compactor to the underground structure concrete, the surface layer of the structure is coated with FS101 waterproof mortar, and flexible sealing material is used in detail nodes, deformation seams and other parts, forming a "rigid composite, flexible" waterproof system.3 Main technical features and scope of application
3. 1 Main features
1) the use of FS101, FS102 rigid composite technology, emphasizing the return of "this", truly reflects the "body" waterproof, improve the quality of the project and improve the assurance of underground waterproofing works.
2) When the construction, waterproof and concrete construction can be carried out simultaneously, saving flexible coil paving before looking for flat drying time, saving the construction process, weakening the construction conditions, effectively and reasonably shorten the construction period of underground waterproofing project, while reducing the cold bottom oil brush and hot melt coil brought about by environmental pollution, the real realization of green construction.
3) The application of FS101, FS102 rigid composite technology will be underground waterproof and concrete structure into one, to achieve waterproof engineering and building structure life of the same effect, waterproof layer and structure closely integrated, even if the late leakage will not produce the phenomenon of running around water, just at the leakage point repair can be.
4) According to GB 50108-2008 in 5. 1. In the note to the provisions of 2, the spacing of the telescopic seams can reach 80 m to 100 m when FS102 is added to the concrete, so that the setting of the rear pouring belt can be appropriately reduced or cancelled.
3. 2 Scope of application
for underground waterproofing projects such as basement waterproofing, protective engineering, tunnels and urban rail transit in industrial and civil buildings.
4 materials and related indicators
1) FS101 basic performance indicators of waterproof mortar can be found in Table 1.
5 Construction comparison
5. 1 Process comparison
1) Using traditional processes. Base substrate: pad layer →1: 2 cement mortar to find a flat layer →smear cold bottom oil→ hot melt SBS coil construction →50 mm thick fine stone concrete protection layer→ foundation concrete construction. Exterior wall construction: after the concrete pouring of the outer wall→ brush cold bottom oil→ hot melt SBS coil construction→ paste 5 cm thick polybenzene plate protection layer → backfill soil.
2) Using FS101, FS102 underground rigid composite waterproofing technology process. Base substrate: → layer smear FS101 waterproof mortar→ foundation concrete construction (concrete doped with FS102 concrete solidizer). Exterior wall construction: External wall concrete (concrete with FS102 concrete solidizer) after pouring→ apply FS101 waterproof mortar→ backfilling soil.
through 1) and 2) process comparison, not only eliminated the cold sub-oil brushing process, reducing the pollution to the environment and construction personnel, while eliminating the process of pasting polyphenyl plate protection layer, thereby improving the control of flammable materials hazardous sources, improve the construction speed, fully reflects the green construction.
5. 2 Economic comparison
the C30 exterior wall with a thickness of 300 mm is used as an example, as seen in Table 3.
According to the above price comparison, the use of FS101, FS102 underground rigid composite waterproof technology than the traditional waterproof concrete and waterproof coil comprehensive cost savings of 35% to 45%;6 The main control measures of the construction process
FS102 compact concrete, in addition to the implementation of the relevant provisions of ordinary concrete, should follow the following requirements.
6. 1 The control requirements of concrete ratio
1) The impermeability grade of the underground waterproof structure must not be less than P6.
2) FS102 solid concrete construction cooperation ratio is determined by the laboratory, the impermeability level should be higher than the design requirements of 0. 2 MPa.
3) The total gel material in the ratio should not be less than 302 kg /m3, under the condition of meeting the impermeability grade and strength grade, the amount of cement should not be less than 260 kg /m3, the hydrogel ratio should not be greater than 0. 50, pumping collapse is generally controlled at 120 mm to 150 mm, the total loss value of collapse should not be greater than 40 mm.
6. 2 Control of the construction process
1) Concrete transport to the site is strictly prohibited to occur dissosis, if there is dissosis, must be secondary stirring, collapse due to time and transport losses can not meet the construction requirements, should be added to the FS102 dilution configuration of the original water ash ratio of cement mortar stirring, strictly prohibited directly in the mixing of water.
2) Concrete must be poured continuously when pouring, not to leave facilities seams, when it must be retained, should be retained in accordance with the relevant specifications, before pouring new concrete, first clean the surface, and then the old concrete surface painted FS101 waterproof cement slurry after timely pouring of new concrete.
3) High-temperature construction FS102 compact concrete molding temperature should not be greater than 35 degrees C, while the work surface to take shade measures, and templates, rebar and construction tools, such as sprinklers to cool, but must ensure that there is no water in the template when pouring; In winter construction, there should be sufficient insulation measures to ensure that the concrete reaches the critical strength of antifreeze.
4) In order to improve the water resistance and impermeability of concrete, the management of vibration and mashing operations should be especially strengthened in the pouring process to ensure that concrete vibration and impermeability. For holes with a width greater than 300 mm at the bottom of the reserved hole on the wall, the vibration time should be extended to ensure that the concrete pouring at the bottom of the reserved hole is solid; Corners, back-pouring belt corners, reinforced areas should use small vibration sticks to aid vibration, while vibration and mashing points should be properly encrypted, vibration and mashing time should be appropriately extended.
6. 3 Conservation control
1) FS102 dense concrete immediately after the final condensation of maintenance, maintenance time of not less than 14 d, according to site conditions, structural characteristics and the climate characteristics of the construction season, can be watered conservation, cover conservation, heat conservation or coating of conservation agents and other different conservation methods for conservation.
2) After the removal of vertical structural side molds such as column walls, it is advisable to adopt the method of film maintenance to ensure the wet maintenance of concrete, and the maintenance of winter construction to ensure that concrete is protected from frost damage.
6. 4 FS101 Waterproof mortar construction control points
1) FS101 waterproof mortar construction should be qualified after the acceptance of concrete surface, in the structure of the surface or back water can be constructed, but must ensure that FS101 waterproof mortar and concrete surface closely combined, not in between the other waterproof materials.
2) In order to ensure the integrity and rationality of the waterproof system, the thickness of the surface should be controlled in the FS101 waterproof mortar process: the thickness of cement slurry should not be less than 2 mm, the thickness of the mortar should be controlled between 10 mm and 20 mm; FS101 waterproof mortar should be in the
grass concrete strength reached more than 80% of the design value of the surface construction, can be fully combined with the grass root.
3) Mixed FS101 waterproof mortar should be used up before the initial condensation, and construction should not arbitrarily add water, pressure FS101 waterproof mortar construction, the use of multi-layer pressure method construction, to ensure that the solidified, flattened, pulping, pressing light.
4) Construction, the plane should be applied evenly, to avoid mortar accumulation, and the surface should be pressed light can not leave the facility seams, such as must be retained, to be left into a step-shaped slope joint, the width of the joint is not less than 150 mm, and from the yin and yang angle more than 250 mm, see Figure 1; Facade construction
as far as possible not to leave the construction seams, such as must be left, can not be left vertical seams, to be set up into horizontal seams.
7 Conclusion
With the expansion of the scale of underground projects, the quality of underground waterproofing projects has been raised to a higher standard, so not only in the construction of all aspects of effective safeguards, but also in the process selection, technical design to provide protection. To achieve energy conservation and environmental protection, green construction has become the leading direction of today's construction industry, FS101, FS102 underground rigid composite waterproof technology, to provide us with a new direction of development, under the premise of reasonable economic efficiency, to achieve green construction, and make waterproof engineering quality assurance improved, but also make engineering waterproofing and structural life with the possibility, in the future construction field will be more and more widely used.