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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > α the properties of alkal-amyloid.

    α the properties of alkal-amyloid.

    • Last Update: 2020-10-20
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    amylase belongs to hydrolyzed enzymes and is a biocatalyst for starch hydrolyzing. According to the degradation method is divided into α-amylase, β-amylase, glycase, iso-amylase and cyclodextase.
    α- Amylase hydrolyzed starch long-chain molecules into short-chain molecules, in an irregular way to cut off the starch molecules inside the α-1,4 saccharine bond and make starch produces dexterin, lysose, etc. , because the end of the product glucose residue C, carbon atoms for α-formation, so called α-amyloid. Most α-amylase (except for individual varieties) can not cut off the α-1,6-year-old bond, nor can it cut off the α-1,4-year-old bond near the branch point. At present, α - amylase production in China is large, widely used in food, brewing, pharmaceutical and textile fields. When α- amylase hydrolyzed starch, pay attention to hydrolytic conditions. The α factors affecting the activity of pH-amylase: pH, temperature and metal ions.
    the general α-amylase activity is stable at pH of 5.5-8.0, pH is less than 4, the enzyme is prone to loss of activity. However, some α-amylase is acidic or alkaline, such as α-amyloid produced by black curvature is the most suitable pH of 4, in pH of 2.5, temperature of 40 degrees C, after processing 30min still have some activity, but in pH of 7, temperature of 55 degrees C, treatment of 15min, α-amyloid almost inactive. In contrast, α-amylase produced with miterase processed 15min at a pH of 7 and a temperature of 55 degrees C, the enzyme activity did not lose, but at pH of 2.5, the enzyme's activity completely disappeared.
    currently α-amylase are mainly resistant to medium temperature (60-70 degrees C) and high temperature (90-95 degrees C). According to the enzyme reaction dynamics analysis, for every 10 degrees C increase in temperature, the reaction speed is increased by 1-2 times, so it is resistant to high temperature.
    α - amylase has the advantages of fast reaction speed, high efficiency and low cost. α-amylase is a metal enzyme, and Ca2 plus keeps α-amylase in place to maintain its maximum activity and stability. In addition to Ca2 plus, other two-price alkali metal ions Ba2 plus, Mg2 plus, etc. also have the α maintenance of the activity of alkaloid-amylase. Temperature-resistant α-amylase to adapt to the high temperature conditions of the production process, sometimes need to add Ca2 plus and other
    stabilizer
    , but high temperature-resistant α-amylase in Ca2-plus concentration is very low, stability is very good. In practice, there is no need to add stabilizers such as Ca2 plus.
    the current production problems of the tender project are: 1. BF7658 alpha-amylase production: encountered rainy, fermentation enzyme activity high and low, high up to 450 s/ml, low only 300 s/ml, the urgent need to solve the problem of fermentation enzyme active high and low. 2. High
    -conversion
    rate glycase production: fermentation cycle (time) can be delayed by up to 40 hours, while fermentation enzyme activity is only 28,000 μ /ml extraction yield average 60%, there is an urgent need to solve the problem of long fermentation cycle, low enzyme activity, low yield.
    glucose amylase (EC 3.2.1.3), also known as glycosylase, is an efficient biocatalyst fermented from a mutant strain of methromycin. Glycosase can cut the α-1, 4 and 1,6 glycoside bonds of starch molecules at room temperature, and convert starch into glucose. Any starch as raw material and the production process of glycation, can use glycase to improve starch glycation yield. The temperature is below 40 degrees C, pH4.0 to 5.5 is stable, the temperature is higher than 60 degrees C, and the pH is less than 2.5 or higher than 6.0.
    enzyme vitality defines 1 ml of enzyme fluid at 40 degrees C, pH4.6 conditions, 1 hour hydrolyzed soluble starch produces 1 mg of glucose for 1 enzyme vitality unit. When using conditional glycosylase in glycation starch, the most suitable operating temperature is 55 to 60 degrees C, the most suitable pH4 to 5. In the process of normal temperature or low temperature fermentation required by alcohol, glycase can continue to function under the presence of
    yeast
    bacteria, so that starchy raw materials gently glycation and alcohol fermentation.
    wide range of amylases used, a wide variety of enzymes can be selected according to different needs. α-amylase is mainly used to produce maltodext, glucose amylase catalytic dedexion can get glucose, with β-amylase can get maltose, with glucose isomerase can convert glucose into fructose. The general amylase catalysis is carried out at high temperatures.
    application
    protein
    engineering can improve the thermal stability of enzymes. A double
    mutation of B. licheniformmis α-amylase
    body A209V/H133T was obtained, and the enzyme extended its half-life by 9 times at 90 degrees C. Mitchinson et al. obtained a mutant using fixed-point mutations and high-volume screening, with an increased pH of 0.5 to 1.0. Gloria et al. replace B.stearothermophilus α-amyloid 289-bit Ala with Phe or Tyr, which has the ability to catalytic alcoholization reactions. Sierks et al. reported a 300-fold increase in the Kcat/Km ratio of 1,4-glycoside bonds to 1,6-glycoside bonds by altering the three
    amino acid
    residues at the glucose amylase active bits.
    the concept and characteristics of
    (1) enzyme: living cells produce biologically catalytic
    organic
    .
    (2) Enzyme Properties:
    2, ATP and Energy
    (1) ATP are direct sources of energy for life activity, but they do not contain high levels in cells, so in-cell ATP is formed and decomposed quite frequently.
    (2) involves energy in the formation and decomposition of ATP, but the nature of the two energys is different.
    .
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