The protective effect of the mRNA vaccine is greatly reduced after 5 months, and the first oral drug for the new crown is about to be approved.

New coronary pneumonia severe model can reveal molecular mechanisms of cross-species infection

New coronary pneumonia severe model can reveal molecular mechanisms of cross-species infection

Source: Nature Communications

Source: Nature Communications Source: Nature Communications

Recently, in a work published in Nature Communications, researchers succeeded in obtaining a highly virulent strain MASCp36 that can be highly lethal to mice, and established a small animal model that can simulate severe neo-coronary pneumonia.
And from a structural point of view, it revealed the molecular mechanism of the new coronavirus crossing the species barrier to infect mice from humans
.

Studies have shown that the mouse model based on the lethal strain MASCp36 can use standard experimental mice to simulate the new coronavirus infection and the severe clinical manifestations caused by it.
The inflammatory response and age/sex bias are highly similar to human diseases and are used for vaccine, drug evaluation and The study of pathogenic mechanism provides an important tool
.

In addition, the study revealed the key mutation sites and their mechanism of action that determine the cross-species transmission of the new coronavirus, providing new clues for a deep understanding of the emergence and extinction of the new coronavirus in nature
.

The oral bioavailability of the drug VV116 is about 80%

The oral bioavailability of the drug VV116 is about 80%

Source: Cell Research

Source: Cell Research Source: Cell Research

Recently, in a study published in "Cell Research", the parent nucleoside of RDV (GS-441524) was used as a prodrug for modification screening, and a drug named VV116 with high oral availability was selected.
, Pre-clinical experiments show that VV116 has good anti-coronavirus efficacy and good safety
.

Researchers tried to introduce monoesters, diesters and triesters at the 2', 3', and 5'positions of ribose fragments
.

After screening, it is finally determined that VV116 is the most qualified candidate.

Multi-scholars jointly issued a paper: The tracing of the new crown requires extensive cooperation from global scientists

Multi-scholars jointly issued a paper: The tracing of the new crown requires extensive cooperation from global scientists

On September 29, many domestic scholars jointly published research highlights in "Cell Research", reviewing the historical experience and discoveries of important virus traceability, summarizing the research progress of the traceability of the new coronavirus, and providing information for the scientific traceability research of the new coronavirus Important ideas
.

The article pointed out that many studies around the world have shown that the chrysanthemum bats in China, Cambodia, Japan, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Kenya and other places carry the new crown-related coronavirus, suggesting that such bats may be the natural host of the new crown virus
.

Among them, the genome similarity of the bat coronavirus RaTG13 and the new coronavirus is 96.

The article emphasizes that tracing the source of the new coronavirus requires long-term and patient scientific research.
It requires extensive cooperation and joint efforts of scientists around the world to accumulate a large amount of data before it is possible to determine the source, intermediate host, and transmission route of the new coronavirus
.

Oral antiviral small molecule drugs can reduce the mortality rate of new crown patients by nearly 50%

Oral antiviral small molecule drugs can reduce the mortality rate of new crown patients by nearly 50%

Source: Merck

Source: Merck Source: Merck

On October 1st, Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics announced that an oral antiviral small molecule drug "molnupiravir" under development can reduce the hospitalization or mortality of severely ill high-risk patients by approximately 50%
.

The trial recruited 775 patients with mild or moderate disease and randomized them
.

Approximately 14.

Merck said it will apply to the FDA for emergency use authorization.
If approved, it will be the world's first oral anti-coronavirus drug
.

In addition, the FDA regulatory agency may consider authorizing it to be used more widely in patients with breakthrough infections after vaccination

The protective effect of mRNA new crown vaccine is greatly reduced after 5 months

The protective effect of mRNA new crown vaccine is greatly reduced after 5 months

Source: the Lancet

Source: the Lancet Source: the Lancet

On October 4, a study published in The Lancet showed that after Pfizer vaccination, the protection against infection was reduced from 88% to 47% at 5 months; the vaccine protection against infection The decrease is due to the decrease in immune antibodies over time, rather than the delta variant evading the vaccine; full vaccinations with Pfizer vaccine, the protection against hospitalization/death of new crown patients by 5 months is still maintained at 88%
.

Studies have shown that within 1 month of complete vaccination, the vaccine's protection against infection with new crowns is 88%, of which 80% in the elderly 65 years and older, and the protection against infection with delta variants is 93%
.

At 5 months of complete vaccination, the protection of the vaccine against infection dropped to 47%, and 43% in the elderly 65 years and older, of which the protection against infection of the delta mutant strain was 53%

In addition, on October 6, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) reported similar conclusions
.

The study found that one month after the second vaccination of BNT162b2, the protection against all infections was 77.
5%, 4 months after vaccination was 51.
7%, and at 5-7 months, it was only 17.
3%-22.
5%, and the vaccine was effective in preventing The protection of severe infections (including critical illnesses) has not changed much
.

The researchers pointed out that the reduced protection of vaccines against infection is also related to the non-vaccine protection status of vaccinators.
Therefore, those who are fully vaccinated also need to adhere to measures to prevent infection
.

The human immune system can "remember" the new coronavirus for more than one year

The human immune system can "remember" the new coronavirus for more than one year

Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases

Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases Source: Clinical Infectious Diseases

On October 5, a study published in "Clinical Infectious Diseases" showed that the human body's immune memory of the new coronavirus can be maintained for more than one year, and it still has new coronavirus-specific neutralizing antibodies and T for one year after infection.
The percentages of recovered patients with cellular immune memory were 95% and 92%, respectively
.

The researchers designed specific peptide pools for S1, S2, M, and N proteins for the S protein, M protein, and N protein on the new coronavirus particles to find cells related to immune memory
.

The study found that 93% of the survivors had a new coronavirus-specific T cell immune memory 6 months after the onset of the disease, and this specific T cell immune memory could last up to 12 months after the onset of the disease in 92% of the survivors
.

In addition, in more than 95% of recovered patients, specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies can persist from 6 months to 12 months after the onset of disease, and their titer is positively correlated with the severity of the acute phase
.

At 6 months and 12 months after the onset, the neutralizing antibodies showed no obvious signs of regression

After being vaccinated with the new crown vaccine, patients who have recovered from SARS have produced neutralizing antibodies of the virus subgenus

After being vaccinated with the new crown vaccine, patients who have recovered from SARS have produced neutralizing antibodies of the virus subgenus

Source: NEJM

Source: NEJM Source: NEJM

On October 7, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) showed that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine for survivors of SARS induced a powerful transclade pan-sarbe coronavirus Subgenus neutralizing antibodies
.

Studies have shown that these antibodies have high levels and broad spectrums, which can not only neutralize known variants of high concern, but also neutralize the sarbe coronavirus subgenus that is found in bats and pangolins and may cause human infection
.

These observations indicate the feasibility of the pan-sarbe coronavirus subgenus vaccine strategy

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