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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Antitumor Therapy > The reason why "Old Smoking Gun" does not suffer from lung cancer has been found!

    The reason why "Old Smoking Gun" does not suffer from lung cancer has been found!

    • Last Update: 2022-05-21
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    " One pack of cigarettes a day, happy like a fairy " is a realistic portrayal of many old smokers


    " One pack of cigarettes a day, happy like a fairy " is a realistic portrayal of many old smokers


    Long-term smoking without lung cancer Long-term smoking without lung cancer

    Derived from the ability to limit genetic mutations

    stems from the ability to limit gene mutation stems from the ability to limit gene mutation

    On April 11 , 2022 , the research team of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the United States published the research results entitled "Single-cell analysis of somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelial cells in relationto aging and smoking" in Nature Genetics .


    On April 11 , 2022 , the research team of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the United States published the research results entitled "Single-cell analysis of somatic mutations in human bronchial epithelial cells in relationto aging and smoking" in Nature Genetics .


    Figure 1 Research results (Source: [1] )

    Figure 1 Results of the study (Source: [1] ) Figure 1 Results of the study (Source: [1] )

    The risk of lung cancer in smokers depends on smoking dose, but it is unclear whether this increased risk depends on an increased rate of somatic mutation accumulation in normal lung cells


    The risk of lung cancer in smokers depends on smoking dose, but it is unclear whether this increased risk depends on an increased rate of somatic mutation accumulation in normal lung cells


    turn out

    1.


    1.


    2.


    3.


    4.


    Note: Pack Years is a measure of a person's long-term smoking levels


    Dr Jan Vijg , who led the study , said: "PBBCs can live for years, even decades, and therefore accumulate mutations with age and smoking


    Smoking harms organs Smoking harms organs

    Lungs take the brunt

    The lungs bear the brunt The lungs bear the brunt

    "China Smoking Harmful Health Report" pointed out that smoking addiction is a chronic disease called tobacco dependence


    "China Smoking Harmful Health Report" pointed out that smoking addiction is a chronic disease called tobacco dependence


    1 lung cancer 1 lung cancer

    Tobacco contains more than 100 carcinogens, and tobacco smoke contains more than 70 [ 2] .


    Tobacco contains more than 100 carcinogens, and tobacco smoke contains more than 70 [ 2] .
    Epidemiological studies have shown that the occurrence and development of lung cancer is the result of the interaction between heredity and environment, and smoking is still the biggest risk factor .
    WHO mentioned in the World No Tobacco Day promotion that about 1.
    2 million people die of lung cancer caused by smoking every year; compared with non-smokers, smokers have up to 22 times the risk of developing lung cancer [3] .



    Lung cancer in non-smokers is in large part due to long-term exposure to tobacco-polluted environments
    .
    Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home or in the workplace had a 30% increased risk of developing lung cancer
    .
    More than 50% of women worldwide are exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke ( ETS ), and the exposure dose-response of the relationship between ETS and lung cancer in women , whether in case-control studies or cohort studies, shows that high-dose exposure to ETS is particularly Exposure to ETS for more than 20 years is the main risk determinant of ETS -induced lung cancer in women [4] .

    Lung cancer in non-smokers is in large part due to long-term exposure to tobacco-polluted environments
    .
    Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home or in the workplace had a 30% increased risk of developing lung cancer
    .
    More than 50% of women worldwide are exposed to Environmental Tobacco Smoke ( ETS ), and the exposure dose-response of the relationship between ETS and lung cancer in women , whether in case-control studies or cohort studies, shows that high-dose exposure to ETS is particularly Exposure to ETS for more than 20 years is the main risk determinant of ETS -induced lung cancer in women [4] .

    2 Chronic respiratory diseases 

    2 Chronic Respiratory Diseases2 Chronic Respiratory Diseases 

    Tobacco smoke is a kind of toxic particles, containing chemicals such as nicotine, has the effect of active oxidant, can induce inflammation after reaching the gas exchange zone, has genotoxic effect, induces the activation of epithelial cells and endothelial cells, and causes inflammatory cytokines and chemokines The secretion of serotonin re-recruits immune cells to the pulmonary septal regions including the small lung airways, the large lung airways and the lung parenchyma, leading to the activation of macrophages and fibroblasts, which eventually leads to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and causes a series of chronic respiratory diseases [ 5]
    .

    Tobacco smoke is a kind of toxic particles, containing chemicals such as nicotine, has the effect of active oxidant, can induce inflammation after reaching the gas exchange zone, has genotoxic effect, induces the activation of epithelial cells and endothelial cells, and causes inflammatory cytokines and chemokines The secretion of pulmonary interstitial cells recruits immune cells to the pulmonary septal regions including the small lung airways, large lung airways, and lung parenchyma, leading to the activation of macrophages and fibroblasts, eventually leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, causing a series of chronic respiratory diseases .
    [5]
    .

    Smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a condition in which pus-filled mucus builds up in the lungs, causing a painful cough and difficulty breathing
    .
    Because tobacco smoke can significantly slow lung development, people who start smoking at a young age are at especially high risk of developing COPD
    .
    Tobacco can also exacerbate asthma, which can limit activity and cause disability
    .
    Quitting smoking early is the most effective treatment for slowing the progression of COPD and improving asthma symptoms
    .

    Smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a condition in which pus-filled mucus builds up in the lungs, causing a painful cough and difficulty breathing
    .
    Because tobacco smoke can significantly slow lung development, people who start smoking at a young age are at especially high risk of developing COPD
    .
    Tobacco can also exacerbate asthma, which can limit activity and cause disability
    .
    Quitting smoking early is the most effective treatment for slowing the progression of COPD and improving asthma symptoms
    .

    3 Tuberculosis 

    3 tuberculosis  3 tuberculosis 

    Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease involving the respiratory system.
    Common clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, weight loss, dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis can lead to a decline in patients ' quality of life
    and social behavior .
    Smoking can lead to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection , which is significantly correlated with smoking years and smoking intensity
    .
    Exposure to secondhand smoke also increases the risk of combined Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis
    .

    Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease involving the respiratory system.
    Common clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, expectoration, fatigue, weight loss, dyspnea, chest pain, and hemoptysis can lead to a decline in patients ' quality of life
    and social behavior .
    Smoking can lead to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection , which is significantly correlated with smoking years and smoking intensity
    .
    Exposure to secondhand smoke also increases the risk of combined Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis
    .
    quality of life infection

    The mechanism by which smoking increases the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the incidence of tuberculosis is not yet clear.
    Some scholars believe that inhalation of smoke can cause damage to the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells, which affects the clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the respiratory system and leads to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
    .
    It may also be related to the bronchial alveolar inflammation caused by cigarette smoke extract and the expression of regulating immune molecules [6]
    .
    However, it is an indisputable fact that smoking will increase the infectivity of tuberculosis patients and increase the social burden
    .

    The mechanism by which smoking increases the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the incidence of tuberculosis is not yet clear.
    Some scholars believe that inhalation of smoke can cause damage to the cilia of respiratory epithelial cells, which affects the clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the respiratory system and leads to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
    .
    It may also be related to the bronchial alveolar inflammation caused by cigarette smoke extract and the expression of regulating immune molecules [6]
    .
    However, it is an indisputable fact that smoking will increase the infectivity of tuberculosis patients and increase the social burden
    .

    It is well known that smoking has negative effects on health, but there are not a few people who take a chance and bet that they have " detoxification genes " .
    Some people choose to ignore it, taking a few " survivors " as an example to explain the rationality of smoking, but ignoring more cases of losing their health or even losing their lives because of smoking .
    Life is just a few decades, whether you want quality, quantity or both, the choice is in your hands!

    It is well known that smoking has negative effects on health, but there are not a few people who take a chance and bet that they have " detoxification genes " .
    Some people choose to ignore it, taking a few " survivors " as an example to explain the rationality of smoking, but ignoring more cases of losing their health or even losing their lives because of smoking .
    Life is just a few decades, whether you want quality, quantity or both, the choice is in your hands!

    References:

    References:

    [1]Huang Z, Sun S, Lee M, et al.
    Single-cell analysis of somaticmutations in human bronchial epithelial cells in relation to aging and smoking.
    Nat Genet.
    2022 Apr;54(4):492-498.
    doi: 10.
    1038/s41588-022-01035-w.
    Epub 2022Apr 11.
    PMID: 35410377.

    [1]Huang Z, Sun S, Lee M, et al.
    Single-cell analysis of somaticmutations in human bronchial epithelial cells in relation to aging and smoking.
    Nat Genet.
    2022 Apr;54(4):492-498.
    doi: 10.
    1038/s41588-022-01035-w.
    Epub 2022Apr 11.
    PMID: 35410377.

    [2] Editorial Department of this journal .
    Tobacco-free life and healthy China [J].
    Chinese General Medicine , 2022, 20(03): 374.

    [2] Editorial Department of this journal .
    Tobacco-free life and healthy China [J].
    Zhonghua General Medicine , 2022, 20(03): 374.
    [2] Editorial Department of this journal .
    Tobacco-free life and healthy China [ J].
    Branch Medicine , 2022, 20(03): 374.

    [3]Varghese C, Troisi G, Schotte K, et al.
    World No Tobacco Day 2019 puts the spotlight on lung health.
    J Thorac Dis.
    2019 Jun;11(6):2639-2642.
    doi:10.
    21037/jtd.
    2019.
    06 .
    38.
    PMID: 31372300; PMCID: PMC6626780.

    [3]Varghese C, Troisi G, Schotte K, et al.
    World No Tobacco Day 2019 puts the spotlight on lung health.
    J Thorac Dis.
    2019 Jun;11(6):2639-2642.
    doi:10.
    21037/jtd.
    2019.
    06 .
    38.
    PMID: 31372300; PMCID: PMC6626780.

    [4] Ni X, Xu N, Wang Q.
    Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review in Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risk of Female Lung Cancer by Research Type.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health.
    2018 Jun27;15(7):1348.
    doi: 10.
    3390/ijerph15071348.
    PMID: 29954105; PMCID: PMC6068922.

    [4] Ni X, Xu N, Wang Q.
    Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review in Environmental Tobacco Smoke Risk of Female Lung Cancer by Research Type.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health.
    2018 Jun27;15(7):1348.
    doi: 10.
    3390/ijerph15071348.
    PMID: 29954105; PMCID: PMC6068922.

    [5]Checa M, Hagood JS, Velazquez-Cruz R, et al.
    Cigarette Smoke Enhances the Expression of Profibrotic Molecules in Alveolar Epithelial Cells.
    PLoS One.
    2016 Mar 2;11(3):e0150383.
    doi: 10.
    1371/journal.
    pone.
    0150383.
    PMID: 26934369;PMCID: PMC4775036.

    [5]Checa M, Hagood JS, Velazquez-Cruz R, et al.
    Cigarette Smoke Enhances the Expression of Profibrotic Molecules in Alveolar Epithelial Cells.
    PLoS One.
    2016 Mar 2;11(3):e0150383.
    doi: 10.
    1371/journal.
    pone.
    0150383.
    PMID: 26934369;PMCID: PMC4775036.

    [6] Gleeson LE, O'Leary SM, Ryan D, et al.
    Cigarette Smoking Impairs the Bioenergetic Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
    Am JRespir Cell Mol Biol.
    2018 Nov;59(5):572-579.
    doi: 10.
    1165 /rcmb.
    2018-0162OC.
    PMID: 29944387.

    [6] Gleeson LE, O'Leary SM, Ryan D, et al.
    Cigarette Smoking Impairs the Bioenergetic Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
    Am JRespir Cell Mol Biol.
    2018 Nov;59(5):572-579.
    doi: 10.
    1165 /rcmb.
    2018-0162OC.
    PMID: 29944387.


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