The reason why other primates of rhesus monkeys have vocal organs but cannot speak.

Rhesus monkeys, though they have the same vocal organs as humans, do not speak because of a lack of brain circuits that transmit language information.
This conclusion applies equally to primates living in Asia and Africa, such as the Old Continental Monkeys, which are commonly known as certain human primates and are different from the New World monkeys, or broad-nosed monkeys.
In anatomy and body function more similar to humans and apes than new continental monkeys), the conclusions prove that human unique language abilities stem from the brain's particular structure and evolution, regardless of differences between humans and other primate vocal organs.
the study was published in the journal Science Advances on December 9, 2016. Asif Ghazanfar, co-author of the
article and a professor of psychology at Princeton University's Institute of Neuroscience, said humans can speak, but monkeys and orangutans don't, whether it's due to differences in vocal organs, a term that scientists in different fields have long held in the same vein.
"No one can prove that monkeys can't speak because the vocal organs are different from humans, and in fact, the root of the problem is the difference between the two brains."
Though this study is currently only applicable to rhesus monkeys, it still challenges the idea that the lack of language function in humanoid primates is due to vocal organs," professor Ghazanfar said.
" Ghazanfar and his collaborators first used primate carcasses to study the activity of their vocal organs, and the experiment concluded that human-like primates can produce sounds with very limited range, similar to human sounds.
researchers imported the sounds of rhesus monkeys into a computer model they had designed that could mimic the sounds of rhesus monkeys using the physical properties recorded by X-rays.
model simulates speaking human language in the voice of a rhesus monkey, such as "Will you marry me?" (Can you marry me?) What it looks like, the results show that the sound is perfectly understandable, but it doesn't sound very much like the human speech.
Ghazanfar and his collaborator, Tecumseh Fitch, a professor of cognitive biology at the University of Vienna, used X-ray technology to record facial activity in the rhesus monkey's mouth, capturing the movement of different parts of its vocal organs, including the tongue, lips and throat.
data obtained by the University of London was handed over to Bart de Boer of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Free University of Brussels.
Boer used computer models to convert the data, and the results were used to predict (X-ray recorded) the audio range of rhesus monkeys and guide the relevant intervention experiments.
human sounds are produced by vibrations in the vocal belt of the throat and are affected by the position of other vocal organs such as the lips and tongue.
example, for "bat" and "bot", the vocal belt vibrates in a similar way, but the different movements of facial muscles (tongue muscles and facial muscles) make us make different sounds.
researchers imported the sounds of rhesus monkeys into computer models used to simulate primate vocal organs.
found that if rhesus monkeys had language skills in their natural state, their vocal organs could make human-understandable unants and even utter complete sentences.
, however, although the sound of rhesus monkeys can be heard and understood by our ears, it is still far from the true word communication.
Laurie Santos, a professor in the Department of Psychology at Yale University who was not personally involved in the study, has her own opinion on this,
The results of this experiment suggest that the question of where human language skills come from remains a huge mystery."
" Santos believes that ancient creatures such as rhesus monkeys have sounding organs similar to those of humans, suggesting that species that are evolutionaryly closer to humans, such as chimpanzees, are more likely to do the same.
If this conclusion is confirmed, it means that studying the brains of chimpanzees may be able to unlock neural networks and help us understand how the human brain allows us to speak freely, which evolutionary human relatives do not have.
study provides us with key clues to the mysteries of human language skills, " said Santos, a researcher at the University of Santo.
if an ancient species like rhesus monkeys has vocal organs that can speak, then we need to explore why evolved primates do not have the same language skills as humans.
I believe there will be some exciting results in the near future. The
study also showed that rhesus monkeys move their vocal organs as much as humans do when they make sounds, so Ghazanfar believes primates could be used as model organisms to study how primitive humans gained language skills and evolved their evolution.
using them as model organisms can help us study areas where the brain directly controls the movement of facial muscles in the mouth when animals and humans speak or make other sounds," Ghazanfar said.
In addition, it forces us to think more deeply about questions such as how language skills evolved, what is unique about the human brain, and how these animal models can be used to study the causes of our loss of language skills.
the study, "Monkeys' vocal organs have language functions," was published December 9 in the journal Science Advances.
project is strongly supported by the National Institutes of Health, the European Research Council Senior Fund and the Startup Fund.
source: Global Science.