The regulatory mechanism of variable shear inge noun seduthing is explained.

Recently, the team of Professor Tian Feng of the National Corn Improvement Center of China Agricultural University and Professor Yang Xiaohong teamed up to study 368 corn self-interstitial strains as experimental materials, locate the whole genome level QTL (quantitative statpoint) of corn seed, comprehensively analyze the regulatory mechanism of its variable splicing, and provide important clues for the study of phenotypes variation.
the paper was recently published in the journal Plant Cells.
variable shear, a concept that was put forward in the last century and has "fire" in recent years.
scientists have found that variable shears not only enrich the diversity of proteomics, but also play an important regulatory role in living organisms. What is
variable shear? What new findings are made in this study? How did it come about? What are the difficulties in the experiment? What is the reference significance of the subsequent research? Science Daily interviewed the research team.
variable shear noun seduthes explain variable shears, also known as selective shearing.
process is that immature mRNA (Messenger RNA) molecules remove parts of them by selecting different shear sites, reconnecting the remaining fragments in a variety of combinations, forming mature mRNA molecules of many different structures.
", "In simple terms, a precursor mRNA molecule can be processed in different ways to form different mature mRNA products."
" The paper's first author, Dr. Chen Qiuyue, of the Center for Corn Improvement at The Agricultural University of China, explains that it's like cutting a rope with scissors and re-knotting the cut-off rope, cutting where, cutting a few knives, what ropes to leave behind, and knoting in what order, all of which will produce different new ropes.
mature mRNA molecules can translate and express a variety of proteins, so variable shears have been considered the main mechanism for enriching proteomic diversity since they were introduced in the last century.
in recent years, as scientists have discovered through experiments that variable shears also play an important regulatory role in cells, as well as the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics, the related research on variable shear is "hot", and these studies are carried out from different environments compared to the perspective of variable shear changes for individual genes and individual varieties.
the genome-wide qTL positioning method used in this experiment is an innovative attempt in the field of botany.
QTL refers to the position of genes that control quantitative traits in the genome.
the whole genome level QTL positioning, in layman's terms, is the whole genome range, the control strain high, grain weight and other variants of the continuity of the gene, in the genome to find out the location.
comprehensive analysis of the corn variable shear regulation mechanism for closer to the true transcription level of corn population, the research team used natural groups, with 368 corn self-interstitution of immature seeds as experimental materials, the transcription group, that is, a gene through variable shear transcription of a variety of mature mRNA, reassembly, obtained a new transcript that has not been studied in the past.
" corn has high genetic diversity, genomic and phenotype variation.
the difference between any two corns is bigger than the difference between a human and an orangutan.
" co-author of the paper, Huazhong Agricultural University crop genetic improvement national key laboratory postdoctoral Liu Navy said, "and corn is a heterogeneous crop, the chain imbalance decays quickly, the positioning accuracy is high, is very suitable for studying the genetic mechanism of variable shear."
" sampling of the transcripts of experimental materials is a heavy task.
368 corn self-intersecting, each self-cultivation of 15 plants, and then select 3 to 5 plants to do self-delivery, in the successful harvest of each corn stick with a scalpel to take 15 complete seeds.
, more than 20,000 corn grains need to be manually stripped, which is only the first step in sampling.
the team also had to grind corn grains at minus 190 degrees Celsius liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction.
" it's common to have your hands out of bubbles.
worried that salivary amylase degrades RNA, we have to wear a double mask, can't speak, one day down the ear is roped up very painful. "The experiment involved more than 10,000 genes, the SNP tagged 1.25 million, and the data analysis was a lot of work, " said Chen Qiuyue,
.
and the capacity of the laboratory server is not enough, I often go to other laboratories to borrow machines, but also went to Wuhan to borrow Huazhong Agricultural University supercomputer running program.
" different QTL, functional positioning each responsible for the study found that variable shear can be frequently coupled with different levels of molecular regulatory mechanisms, and then widely involved in cell transcription and post-transcription level regulation.
one of the regulatory mechanisms is the transcription regulation of small RNA-mediated.
small RNA, a non-coding single-stranded RNA molecule, identifies transcripts that match its sequence and degrades them along with other proteins.
" this is not affected if a transcript without a corresponding identification point is expressed because of a variable clip.
," Liu said.
there is also a kind of mRNA degradation mechanism that is unmediated.
" transcripts formed by inclusions, which are preserved on this inclusion, will lead to early termination of the translation, and the mRNA sequence will be degraded by the cells.
," Liu explained.
in addition, variable shears also play a regulatory role in small interference peptides.
transcription factors play a central role in this process.
transcription factors are the "stars" in the field of gene expression regulation - a transcription factor that can influence when and where a range of downstream genes are expressed, or even how much they are expressed.
there is a kind of transcription factor, because of the existence of a polypolysis functional area on it, it is necessary to form a dipolymer in order to function.
Liu Navy likened the image of such functional area to the "hand" of transcription factors, and further explained: "If variable shears, such as exome jumping, so that the transcription factor lost the region to play the recognition function, but other functional domains, especially 'hands' are also retained, then these because they can not recognize DNA can not function normally transcription factor fragments, will be stuck in the normal function of the function of the normal function of the control of the normal function of the processing factor.
" the experiment found that the co-location of sQTL (QTL, which controls variable shear variation) and eQTL (QTL, which controls gene expression) were very small by locating the corn whole genome QTL.
it appears that the proportion of the total amount of gene expression and the proportion of its transcription group is not closely related.
", "just like in a family relationship husband to earn money to his wife, wife worry about how to allocate the money how to spend, the total amount of money and the proportion of distribution of these two processes are relatively independent, or by different roles to be responsible.
" Liu told science and technology daily, "Of course, there is the same person to decide the situation, but the proportion of this situation is relatively low."
" ZmGRP1 gene regulation has a little guy who has attracted the attention of researchers.
experiments have found that a gene called ZmGRP1 can regulate variable shears of up to a thousand downstream genes. Chen Qiuyue,
, said she speculated that ZmGRP1 had similar functions because previous studies had found that the homologous proteins AtGRP7 and AtGRP8 in the amoeba can regulate the variable shear of many genes. to confirm this idea,
, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, she knocked out the gene coding region and destroyed the coded region, ZmGRP1, which could not be properly expressed.
compare the plants that have been treated with normal plants, and find that more than a thousand gene variable shears are affected.
ZmGRP1, like the commander-in-chief commanding thousands of troops, regulates the variable shear of these genes.
in addition, according to the QTL positioning map of some sQTL and eQTL co-location phenomenon, scientists speculated that variable shear variation may directly affect the phenotynosis variation, but the specific regulatory process still needs to be explored.
"Our results in this regard are more important in providing a resource for other studies in the corn industry to study specific traits or specific genes for reference and reference."
," Liu said.
can be expected to look forward to future studies, or without affecting gene expression, artificially altertheir of the composition of transcripts, corn traits can be more finely regulated.
.