The role of a fully automatic growth curve analyzer in the discovery of the GFAJ-1 strain of arsenic-eating bacteria.

Original title: Fully automatic growth curve analyzers in the discovery of arsenic-eating GFAJ-1 strains (arsenic-eating, growth curve analyzers, GAFJ bacteria) 2010, Felisa Wolfe-Simo led by nasa (NASA) biologists in a strange desert lake in California found "GFAJ-1 strain" (SCIENCE201). 332, 1163-1166), found that the bacteria appeared to be able to ingest arsenic for survival - an element that has never been seen before because arsenic is a toxic element to all other life.
we know that life on Earth has different elements, but DNA itself consists of only five components: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus, whether they can be replaced by other chemically similar elements.
arsenic is located below phosphorus in the periodic table and has a similar atomic structure.
the Researchers of the Felisa Wolf-Simon team knew that GFAJ-1 bacteria appeared to be resistant to arsenic, and they learned that there were very few levels of phosphorus in Lake Mono.
they cultured it in arsenic-rich nutrients, and through a fully automated growth curve analyzer analysis, they learned that the bacteria could continue to grow in arsenic-containing nutrients, even if the phosphorus in the nutrients was completely removed.
we know that cells usually need to build raw material for new DNA, and how do these creatures survive in the absence of one of the five key components? The team then began studying the newly discovered bacteria, the GFAJ-1 bacteria, a halomonadaceae bacteria.
early studies have found that GFAJ-1 bacteria can absorb arsenic elements that are often considered highly toxic into cells in environments lacking phosphorus, and use them to synthesize organic compounds such as ATP, phospholipids, or to translate proteins, in effect GFAJ-1 replace sphosphon in its DNA structure with arsenic.
2012, Marshall's team continued research on GFAJ-1 bacteria (SCIENCE 2012, 337, 470-473), studied the growth of GFAJ-1 bacteria in low phosphate high arsenate environments, and analyzed in conjunction with LC-MS techniques for the presence of arsenate in chromosomal DNA in GFAJ-1 bacteria.
GFAJ-1 bacteria have a "filtering" mechanism, and their single cells block toxic arsenate entry.
the study combined with the Finnish Bioscreen C fully automatic curve growth analyzer to obtain the growth analysis of GFAJ-1 in phosphateand arsenate containing different proportions, combined with DNA electrophoresis and LC-MS technology to draw a conclusion that is different from the previous Felisa Wolfe-Simo study (SCIENCE 2011, 332, 1163-1166), because the proteins in GFAJ-1 bacteria are very specific, although arsenate and phosphates are very similar, GFAJ-1 is not easy to bind to arsenate.
GFAJ-1 bacteria need nutrients, it places the protein between the inner and outer membranes, which selects phosphates and delivers them to the bacteria.
the protein in the bacteria has a good filtration selection function, the bacteria does not strongly bind to arsenate, so that GFAJ-1 bacteria can live in Lake Mono with an arsenate index 3,000 times higher than normal.
Marshall's team was able to reach such a novel conclusion and the role of bioscreen C used in the research process, because the instrument can test the growth curve of 96 samples of various strains in parallel for a long time, and all the testing process is automated, the growth curve data obtained is accurate, thus providing the researchers with a different conclusion from the previous study, thus promoting a new research milestone for the GFAJ-1 bacteria.
The Finnish Bioscreen C fully automatic growth curve analyzer is able to screen fermented strains with a high flux of 200 samples at a time, and is able to quickly optimize fermentation conditions in a short period of time, and the instrument is capable of day and night, fully automatic, simultaneous culture and testing.
the process of testing the growth curve, the instrument can also eliminate the interference of the medium color to the OD value, the reading value is accurate, and the continuous culture test time can be up to 1600 hours, which greatly improves the researcher's work efficiency.
can be used in anaerobic growth analysis, but also to monitor the growth of microorganisms, but also to monitor the growth of phages and suspended cells, but also can be used for micro-bioassays, compound effect measurement, pH, temperature and other microbial parameters, antibiotic sensitivity testing, food quality control (total bacteria).
.