The role of intestinal bacteria in health and disease

The human gut is home to hundreds of millions of microbesThey regulate human health and diseasethe microbial perspective in human developmental biologymost people think about human development, they tend to think only about their own cells and organsHowever, there is another aspect to consider - the human-related microbiomeThe microbial perspective sourcing human development provides an opportunity to refine our definition of healthy prenatal and post-natal growth and develops innovative strategies for disease prevention and treatmentAs lifestyles and disease patterns are undergoing dramatic changes in globalization, the article calls for the creation of a "human microbial observatory" to detect the microbiomes of birth populations with different anthropological characteristics, including those experiencing rapid changesdiet's interaction with flora regulates human metabolismobesity and related metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, are closely related to diet, and the idea is widely acceptedHowever, intestinal flora has also become a crosspoint of diet and metabolic healthThe mechanism of linking intestinal flora to obesity will become clear through the strong combination of transplantanimal patterns and human studiesIt is pointed out that the knowledge of intestinal flora as a regulator of the metabolism of the host and the effects of diet is accumulatingResearch in this area has focused on establishing their causality in humans, as well as the prospects for therapeutic interventions such as personalized nutritionmicrobiome and innate immunegut flora are a hub that integrates environmental inputs, such as diet, genetic and immune signals that affect the host's metabolism, immune and infection responseHematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells of the innate immune system are distributed in the interface between the host and the microorganismThese cells have the ability to sense microorganisms or their metabolites and can convert signals into host physiological reactions and microbial ecology regulation Abnormal communication between the innate immune system and intestinal flora can lead to complex diseases adaptive immune balance and the microbial microbiome in disease in the intestinal mucosa, the phenotype and function of the immune system's T-cells and B cells at specific locations are affected by the microbiome These flora cells play an important role in maintaining immune autosteady balance by inhibiting the reaction of harmless antigens and strengthening the integrity of the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa The loss of balance in the intestinal flora, known as mycelium disorder, can cause some immune system diseases These are caused by changes in T-cell activity from their induced sites or far or near The mechanism of distinguishing the difference between self-stabilizing state and the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and host can identify therapeutic targets for the prevention or mediation of inflammatory diseases and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer the interaction between the flora and pathogens in the intestines the microbiome plays an important role in human health, and changes in the microbiome can give resistance to or promote infectioncause of pathogens Researchers have discovered the effects of antibiotics on intestinal flora, which alter the nutritional status of the gut and cause the expansion of pathogen populations Pathogens use the nutrients of carbon and nitrogen from microbial sources and regulate signals to promote their own growth and toxicity By triggering inflammation, these bacteria alter the intestinal environment, using a unique system of breathing and metal ions to drive their expansion Unlocking the mysteries of the role of microorganisms, hosts, and pathogens leads to strategies for regulating microbial microflora to fight infectious diseases microbial microbiome genomic association analysis linked the dynamics of microbial clusters to diseases the rapid development of DNA sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics The computational tools for analyzing microbiomes and identifying their links to disease have increased significantly In particular, the study of time series and the multi-molecular perspective promote the analysis of the genome association of microbial flora It is similar to genome-wide association studies Early results point to the operability of genomic association analysis of the microbiome, although its clinical application has yet to be approved The evaluation of the complex interrelationshipbetween microbial microbiome and host diet, chemistry and health, including the frequency of observations that need to capture and integrate this dynamic interface, is essential for the development of precise diagnosis and treatment based on microbial microflora