The role of structural variation and new genes in domestication of domestic dogs is revealed.

Recently, Zhang Yaping, a national key laboratory for genetic resources and evolution at the Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Geneticfrontiers, collaborated with the Institute of Agricultural Genomics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences for the first time to systematically construct a map of structural variation (Structural Variations) in domestication of domesticated dogs, explore the role of new genes in domestication, and point out the importance of large genome scale variation sourcing in domestication research.
published in the international journal National Science Review.
Zhang Yaping's team has long been committed to the origin and domestication of domesticanimals.
because of the lack of wild proximity and exoskeleton genomes of domestic dogs, the early studies have focused mostly on single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs), and little research has been done on the large-scale genomic variation of the class of structural variation.
structural variations, including large insertion deletion, repetition, inversion, translocation, etc., play an important role in the diversity of the epitope, disease susceptibility, and environmental adaptation.
the study obtained the genomes of Canis lupus and Cuonalpinus, with 6.04 Mb and 3.96 Mb, respectively, through second-generation sequencing and genome assembly.
by comparing the genomes of three canine species, domesticated dogs,
obtained the specific structural variations of domestication of domesticated dogs, including 16,315 insertions, 2,565 deletions, 443 repetitions, 16 inverted and 15 transpositions.
these structural variations significantly affect energy metabolism, neural processing processes, and genes associated with the immune system.
More interestingly, the study found that enscafsacs, a new gene in the family dog genome produced by retrocopies, ENSCAFG000000024440, is a new copy of AKR1B1, highly expressed in the small intestine and liver, involved in fat from the tip synthesis and reduced toxicity from a high-starch diet.
the discovery not only sheds light on the genetic mechanisms of domestic dogs from carnivorous to omnivores, but also demonstrates the role of new genes in domestication of domesticated animals.
this study provides a new idea and perspective for domestication of domesticanimals.
Wang Dong, researcher of Kunming Animal Institute, Yu Xiuhui of the Institute of Agricultural Genomics, and Bai Bing, Ph.D. of Kunhua Hospital, are co-authors of the article, and Yan Qi, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Genomics, and Zhang Yaping of Kunming Animal Institute are co-authors of the article.
the research has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China's major research program, the Chinese Academy of Sciences strategic pilot science and technology special (Class B), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association and the Chinese Academy of Sciences information technology special.
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