The route of phosphate sugar.

. The
the pentose phosphate pathway, also known as the hexose monophosphate shut HMS, or phosphorusphogluconate pass. This pathway starts with 6-phosphate glucose to produce NADPH and 5-phosphate RNA with important physiological functions. There is no ATP generation throughout the process, so this process is not the way the body produces capacity. It mainly occurs in the liver,
tissue
breast, lactating breast, adrenal corties, sex glands, bone marrow and red blood cells.(i) reaction processthe pathway of phosphate sugar is carried out in the cell fluid, the whole process is divided into irreversible oxidation stage and reversible non-oxidation stage. In the oxidation phase, 3 molecules 6-phosphate glucose in 6-phosphate glucose
dehydrogenase
and 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase and other catalytic processes by oxidizing dehydrogenase to produce 6 molecules NADPH-H-, 3 molecules CO2 and 3 molecules 5-phosphate rnacogen sugar; The base enzyme (TPP is coenzyme) and transthionylase catalyzed to convert part of the carbon chain to each other, through three carbon, four carbon, seven carbon and phosphate, and finally produce 2 molecules 6-phosphate fructose and 1 molecule 3-phosphate glyceline, they can be converted into 6-phosphate glucose to continue the phosphate route, can also enter the glycooxidation or glycolysis pathway (Figure 4-8). The speed limit enzyme in this reaction pathway is 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase, the activity of this enzyme is affected by NADPH concentration, NADPH concentration increase inhibits the activity of enzymes, so the phosphate glucosin pathway is mainly regulated by the demand of NADPH in the body.
4-8 has been glyphosate branch reaction . (ii) Physiological significance 1.5-phosphate kerucleose generation, this way is the only way glucose in the body to produce 5-phosphate kerucose, so named phosphate sugar pathway, the body needs 5-phosphate kerucleose can be generated through the oxidation phase of the phosphate sugar pathway irreversible reaction process, can also be non-oxidizing stage Reversible reaction process is generated, and in the human body is mainly generated by the oxidation stage, 5-phosphate kerucleose is the synthesis of
nucleotides
coenzyme and
nucleic acids
the main raw materials, so after injury repair, regenerative tissue (such as infarction heart muscle, partially removed liver), this metabolic pathway is more active.. 2. Unlike NADH, NADPH-H-plus carries hydrogen that does not produce ATP through respiratory chain oxidation
phosphorylation
but participates in many metabolic reactions as a hydrogen supply, with many different physiological meanings.(1) As a hydrogen supply body, involved in a variety of biosynthetic reactions in the body, such as fatty acids, cholesterol and steroids
hormone
biosynthesis, all require a large number of NADPH- H-plus, so the phosphate sugar pathline in synthetic fats and steroids
compounds
in the liver, adrenal glands, sex glands and other tissues are particularly strong.(2) NADPH-H-plus is a coenzyme of glutathione reductase, which is important for maintaining the normal content of glutathione (GSH), which protects certain
proteins
. , such as SH-based on red blood cell membranes and hemoglobin, and therefore lack 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase, due to NADPH-H-plus deficiency, GSH content is too low, red blood cells prone to destruction and hemolytic anemia.(3) NADPH-H-participating in the biotranscing reaction of the liver, the hepatocellular endosome contains a monooxygenase system with NADPH-H-plus as a hydrogen supply, and participates in the biotransmation process of hormones, drugs, and poisons.(4) NADPH- and H-plus are involved in the body's reaction of neophils and macrophages to the production of ionized oxygen, and thus have a bactericidal effect.


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