echemi logo
Product
  • Product
  • Supplier
  • Inquiry
    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > The scientific significance of synthetic biology, the progress of technological methods and the prospect of application.

    The scientific significance of synthetic biology, the progress of technological methods and the prospect of application.

    • Last Update: 2020-09-09
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
    Search more information of high quality chemicals, good prices and reliable suppliers, visit www.echemi.com
    In the past 10 years, the development of synthetic biology has received wide attention.
    in order to focus on the latest research advances in this field, the special organization published this special issue of synthetic biology.
    special issue is divided into three columns: scientific significance, new technologies and new methods and applications, focusing on the scientific connotation of synthetic biology, technological methods and advances in synthetic biology in medicine, medicine, agriculture, materials, environment and energy and other fields of application prospects.
    synthetic biology is a new field of science and technology.
    her formation has a series of iconic events.
    In the area of synthetic genomes, in 2002 humans first synthesized viruses; In March 2017, Science reported on the synthesis of five other chromosomes in the Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc 2.0), four of which were completed by Chinese scholars Yuan Yingjin, Yang Huanming and Dai Junhui.
    , all 16 chromosomes in yeast cells are designed and synthesized by about one-third.
    can expect that the first nucleo-living organism to synthesize chromosomes will soon be available.
    even more striking is that in 2016, American scholars began actively planning the synthesis of controversial human chromosomes.
    scientists have long suggested the minimal cell hypothesis that an organism may contain essential and non-essential genes, which should survive and reproduce after removing non-essential genes.
    studying the smallest cells or genomes can help understand the function of genes and the origin of life, but experiments are extremely difficult, and the complexity of simplicity is a challenge for many experts.
    After genome-scale gene mutations and gene knock-outs, Gregory A Buck's lab initially identified the necessary gene set for blood streptococcus; Craig Venter's lab identified 428 non-essential genes from 901 genes in silk myoids and then synthesized a minimalized genome containing only 473 genes to obtain the smallest synthetic cells, although the function of 189 of them is still unknown.
    the study of the smallest cell or genome is not only of great scientific significance, but also has important practical significance in using the smallest genome as the chassis, adding new genes and allowing cells to make the materials that humans need.
    Although the cell chassis has not yet been applied in practice, through gene network reconstruction and cell factory modification, scientists have succeeded in synthesized in microorganisms such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin (acid), the anaesthetic opioids and the antibiotic lincomycin, which are successful examples of anabolic biology and metabolic engineering.
    advances in synthetic biology have had a wide impact in academia and the general public.
    through Baidu Search (March 14, 2017), the results were 1,730,000 in "synthetic biology" and 3,550,000 in "Synthetic Biology."
    results are comparable to crisp technical search results for gene editing (3,090,000).
    is listed by several leading scientific media and think tanks as "one of the technologies that will change the world".
    this, the author is optimistic, the reasons are as follows.
    synthetic biology is first and foremost science.
    even referred to it as the "third revolution in life sciences".
    I read that in modern life sciences, the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA has brought life science research into the era of molecular genetics and molecular biology for the first time, and that the successful sequencing of the human genome has enabled us to "read" genetic information on a large scale and to lead life science research into histology and systems biology. In the times, it can be counted as the second time, and synthetic biology is based on systematic biology, combined with engineering concepts, the use of gene synthesis, editing, network regulation and other new technologies to "write" new life, or change existing life, which will greatly improve the level of understanding of the nature of life, its scientific significance is obvious.
    synthetic biology has the properties of biological manufacturing.
    two revolutions in biomass manufacturing.
    first time in the 1950s and 1960s, the industrial production of antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins and other medicines, foods and nutrients through large-scale fermentation, which we call traditional biotechnology today.
    The second time occurred in the 1980s, the development of molecular genetics led to the development of gene-operated technology, through gene cloning, expression, modification or transfer, to achieve a variety of high value-added biological products production, "one gene, one industry", developed into today's biotechnology strategic emerging industries.
    Synthetic biology is the use of systematic biology knowledge, with the help of engineering science concepts, from genomic synthesis, gene regulation network and signal transductive path, to the artificial design and synthesis of cells, to complete the difficult task of single gene operation, will greatly enhance the ability of gene biotechnology and expand its application.
    reason to believe that synthetic biology is spawning third-generation biotechnology.
    , the editorial department of the Journal of Bioengineering decided to publish a special issue of synthetic biology for the second time.
    special issue is divided into 3 columns and 18 articles, respectively, expounding the scientific significance of synthetic biology, the progress of technological methods and the application prospects.
    In terms of scientific significance, Liu Chenli and Fu Xiongfei team (Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) from "the knowledge of the grid" to "the knowledge of the building", discusses the biological gene network regulation, single-cell and multi-cell and even ecological process mechanism, expounds the scientific connotation of synthetic biology.
    Jiang's team (Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) discussed the evolution of the natural origin and artificial design of new genes to achieve biochemical reactions that have not yet been catalyzed by various natural organisms.
    seven of these articles deal with the development of technical methods.
    of any new generation of technology, its qualities must be innovative or even disruptive.
    synthesis and gene editing are the core techniques of synthetic biology, involving the synthesis, assembly and correction of long fragments, including many engineering and scientific problems to be solved.
    Dai Junhui team (Tsinghua University) combined with the author's first-hand experience of synthesized yeast chromosome Sc 2.0, systematically discussed the design and synthesis of genomes and their rise to art.
    The Wang Jin team (Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences) discusses DNA synthesis and assembly, and systematically introduces CRISPR-based genome editing; The dynamic function of signal network, the improved design and future application of signal network in synthetic biology, the Yan Chunbo team (Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) predicted the effect of cell physiology on insertion elements, proposed synthetic physiology of artificial gene components, Li Feng (Wuhan Institute of Virus Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences) and the author (Institute of Biophysics of Chinese Academy of Sciences) and collaborators introduced how to use the natural properties of biomolees to synthesize multidiminal nanofunctial structures and biological devices.
    followed by the application of synthetic biology.
    Wei Lei and Zhao Dehua (Stanford University) discussed the application of genomic engineering, especially CRISPR gene editing technology, in medical synthesis biology, while Ye Haifeng's team (East China Normal University) proposed the establishment of mammalian synthetic biology system to make synthetic biology clinical, and in the field of drug research, the authors discussed the application of intelligent drugs based on synthetic gene lines. (Tsinghua University Xie Zhen Team), cell-free protein synthesis system to achieve insulin original soluble expression (Wuhan University School of Pharmacy Liu Tianxuan, Wuhan University Central South Hospital Xu Weicheng team), based on synthetic biology of medicinal plant active metabolites research - ambitious "new herb plan" (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Wang Yong team).
    Finally, the application of synthetic biology in agriculture (photochresctural) (Peng Lianwei of the Institute of Plant Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Wanqiang team of the Shenzhen Institute of Agricultural Genomics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences), materials science (Zhong Chao team of the School of Material Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Science and Technology), environmental restoration (Tang Hongzhi team of Shanghai Jiaoda University) and new energy (microbial electrical transformation) (Song Hao team of Tianjin University).
    summarizes the main applications of synthetic biology, most of which can be expected.
    special issue is about to be printed and published, I would like to add 3 points of feeling.
    past few years, the fundamentals and concepts of synthetic biology, as well as ethical issues, have been extensively introduced, and this special issue will not be repeated, but will focus on recent research developments.
    , however, synthetic biology has developed so fast that writers have made it easy to write several times.
    For example, recently, Science published a major development in the Sc 2.0 program for Chinese scholars, which was exciting and encouraging, and before this special issue was published, we had to ask Mr. Dai Junhui to update the relevant content he was responsible for writing.
    In Our country, the research of synthetic biology has undergone nearly 10 years of development, in the organization of this special issue, my mind often appeared some related people and things: Yang Victory, Ouyang Pingkai, Cao Zhu'an and so on at the expert group level for the national 973 program synthetic biology topic made an important contribution.
    Zhao Guoping, on behalf of China, participated in the organization of a series of meetings on synthetic biology of the six houses of the United States and Britain (the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Engineering), so that China's synthetic biology research on the opening "with the eagle."
    , Mr. Yang Huanming, told me the story of the smallest genome very early on, and experienced it for him.
    "Cell Factory" led by Mr. Ma Yan and provided valuable experience for the establishment of the 973 Program's synthetic biology theme.
    Chen Guoqiang played a leading role in organizing the Asia Series of Conferences on Synthetic Biology in Cold Spring Harbor, Suzhou.
    Yuan Yingjin has repeatedly described to us the difficult process of synthesized yeast chromosomes, and now he has succeeded in achieving a leap forward.
    , Mr. Deng Zixin, has set up the Alliance for Innovation Strategies in Synthetic Biology in Shanghai, erecting an important banner.
    Mr. Lin Zhangxuan and Ms. Feng Wei not only presided over the 973 project, but also gave passionate advice on the development of synthetic biology in China.
    Ouyang Yu has not only made a fundamental contribution to the rational construction of biological modules and bottom-up biological systems, but also has a sharp evaluation of the current situation of synthetic biology research in China, which is impressive.
    students from many universities in China have performed well in the iGEM competition for many years.
    In particular, we would also like to mention Mr. Chen Fuxuan, a former scientific and technical adviser to the Embassy in the United Kingdom, who introduced me to the Royal Academy of Engineering many years ago to communicate with the drafting officers of the British Synthetic Biology Report, which prompted us to conceive of launching a special study on synthetic biology in China, supported by Mr. Zhou Guangchao, Head of the Expert Advisory Group of the 973 Program, and Mr. Xu Guanhua.
    past two years, experts have contributed wisdom and energy to the establishment of the National 13th Five-Year Plan for Synthetic Biology.
    , however, when we organized this special issue, we turned our draft goals to vibrant young experts who were active on the front line.
    Thanks to Mr. Liu Chenli, he warmly recommended to me the "fraternity" of synthetic biology, a group of distinguished young scholars with expertise and most of them with titles that are the envy of young people ("Tsing Chi", "Yu Qing" or "100 People").
    I felt their high-quality professionalism and tireless spirit of exploration in the course of working with them and working together to complete this special issue, which made me see a bright future for synthetic biology in China.
    REFERENCES Cello J, Paul AV, Wimmer E.Chemical Synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of esopha virus in the odi of natural template. Science, 2002,297 (5583): 1016-1018.Gibson DG, Glass JI, Lartigue C, et al. Creation of a bled cell controlled by a chemically synthesized genome. Science, 2010, 329 (5987): 52-56.Annaluru N, Muller H, Mitchell LA, et al. Total synthesis of a functional designer eukaryotic chromosome. Science, 2014, 344 (6179): 55-58.Mercy G, Mozziconacci J, Scolari VF, et al.3D organization of synthetic and scrambled chromosomes. Science, 2017, 355 (6329): eaaf4597.Dance A.Synthetic human genome set to spur applications, Nat Biotechnol, 2.
    This article is an English version of an article which is originally in the Chinese language on echemi.com and is provided for information purposes only. This website makes no representation or warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness ownership or reliability of the article or any translations thereof. If you have any concerns or complaints relating to the article, please send an email, providing a detailed description of the concern or complaint, to service@echemi.com. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days. Once verified, infringing content will be removed immediately.

    Contact Us

    The source of this page with content of products and services is from Internet, which doesn't represent ECHEMI's opinion. If you have any queries, please write to service@echemi.com. It will be replied within 5 days.

    Moreover, if you find any instances of plagiarism from the page, please send email to service@echemi.com with relevant evidence.