The second generation of "biodiversity soup" struck and occupied the highlands of biodiversity monitoring

[ Focus on Chemical Machinery and Equipment Network ] China is one of the countries with rich biodiversity
.
According to statistics from the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, China currently has 11,800 protected areas of various types, accounting for 18% of the land area and 4.
1% of the territorial waters
.
Among the wild animals distributed in nature, there are about 7,300 species of vertebrates, including 564 species of beasts, 416 species of amphibians, 1,445 species of birds, 463 species of reptiles, and the rest are fish; about 130,000 species of insects have been named; higher plants There are more than 30,000 species, including more than 17,000 species of endemic plants
.
In the face of abundant species, real-time biological monitoring is very necessary
.
Biodiversity monitoring is the repeated cataloging of biodiversity on a time scale to determine its changes
.
It not only understands the situation of biodiversity and the scope of ecological zoning, but also provides effective data on issues such as protecting biodiversity and evaluating environmental impacts
.

 

Recently, researcher Yu Weili from the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and his team improved the high-quality barcode technology for rapid monitoring of biodiversity.
The result is named "Biodiversity Soup II: High-throughput barcode process with lower error rate" Published in the international journal "Ecology and Evolutionary Methods"
.

 

　　In fact, as early as 2012, researcher Yu Weili and his team sequenced the mixed DNA of samples from insects in the area, realized the cataloging and monitoring of biodiversity in the area, and used the high-throughput barcode technology of "biodiversity soup" The research paper on the process was published in the national journal "Ecology and Evolutionary Methods"
.
Now, by optimizing multiple links, biodiversity monitoring technology has reached a new level, and the second generation of "biodiversity soup" is coming
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　　High-throughput sequencing technology monitoring to obtain large amounts of biological data
 

　　"Biodiversity soup" is a novel biodiversity monitoring method with high-throughput sequencing technology, which can analyze a large number of mixed biological samples at the same time to obtain ground biodiversity data
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　　Every organism contains DNA, and any DNA fragments can be used for biological species identification, thereby realizing biological monitoring
.
Analysis of the biological DNA sample mixed "Biodiversity soup" that using molecular techniques and sequencing means, reducing species diversity information and features, including α diversity, diversity index beta]
.

 

　　With the help of "Biodiversity Soup", researchers explored the biodiversity of moths at different altitudes in the Yunnan Nature Reserve.
The results showed that the community composition of moths varies with altitude and sampling level
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Not only that, the "biodiversity soup" can also analyze the influence of fungal diversity on the decomposition of deadwood: the more fungi species, the lower the carbon dioxide release rate of deadwood, and the slower the decay of deadwood
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　　Reduce high data costs and promote the development of multiple disciplines
 

　　At present, biodiversity monitoring includes the monitoring of diversity within communities, diversity indices between communities, and similar habitat indices in different places
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The monitoring methods are mostly manual, instrument, and genetic technology monitoring
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For example, using infrared trigger cameras to clearly monitor beasts and ground-moving birds, recorders automatically collect bird calls, and use soundscape analysis to identify biological species and evaluate diversity
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Another example is that molecular-omics technology is not widely used in biodiversity monitoring
.
Metagenomics method is a common method for soil microorganism identification and monitoring
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The morphology of soil animals is difficult to identify and takes a long time.
Combining conventional morphological identification with molecular technology will play a certain role in promoting the diversity of soil animals
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　　These traditional monitoring methods consume a lot of labor, equipment and other project costs
.
Moreover, due to the large scale of sampling and classification, research is limited to relatively small areas that are more targeted and difficult to replicate
.
Therefore, conservation scholars and environmental managers often can only use limited data to make decisions
.

 

　　Compared with traditional monitoring, the "biodiversity soup" technology, with its characteristics of fast, efficient, and wide monitoring range, realizes large-scale replication and inspection through high-throughput technology, greatly reduces monitoring costs, and can analyze a large number of mixtures at the same time Samples, obtain accurate biodiversity data, provide high-speed and efficient third-party inspection data, and strengthen monitoring of the environmental change index and the status of endangered species
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　　The "biodiversity soup" promotes the development of biological monitoring from morphology, cytology, physiology and biochemistry to molecules, and profoundly reveals the heredity and variation of genetic material
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This kind of technology has gradually been incorporated into their daily monitoring work by the nature protection management departments of many countries, improving the experimental design and bioinformatics analysis process, reducing the error rate and increasing the calculation speed
.
In addition, the “biodiversity soup” not only draws attention to the changes in biodiversity itself, but also extends people’s attention to factors that affect biodiversity, such as climate change, land use, environmental pollution, etc.
, and contributes to related disciplines such as agronomy, Forestry, fisheries, soil science, etc.
provide a lot of information
.

 

　　Build a multi-dimensional monitoring system to solve two major problems
 

　　At present, biodiversity survey, assessment and monitoring are the main means to obtain biodiversity data, and it is also a prerequisite for carrying out biodiversity protection
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However, it is still a difficult problem to obtain a large amount of species information
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　　Technology enables biodiversity monitoring to enter a new era
.
Biological monitoring integrates the sky and the ground to establish a three-dimensional monitoring system to monitor biodiversity in multiple directions, and efficiently obtain detailed biodiversity information on the ground
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This system just solves the two problems of how to quickly obtain detailed biodiversity information on the ground and how to connect high-throughput biodiversity signals with remote sensing signals
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　　The three-dimensional monitoring system includes remote sensing technology, geographic information system and global positioning system, as well as UAV near-ground remote sensing technology
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Satellite remote sensing is mainly used on a large scale, and near-ground remote sensing is mainly used on a small scale, including data collection using hyperspectral, multispectrometer, and lidar
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The rapid promotion of near-ground remote sensing technology benefits from the widespread use of drones
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　　The combination of satellite remote sensing, artificial ground observation and survey is mainly used to rectify the ecosystem, while the combination of near-ground remote sensing and artificial observation is used for individual animals and plants
.
Multi-dimensional remote sensing data and high-precision ground data are connected to construct a system framework for monitoring biodiversity
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　　This system provides long-term, multi-spatial-scale biodiversity data in the study area
.
At present, the research team combines satellite, near-ground remote sensing and "biodiversity soup" technology to construct "sky-ground integration" exploration and application research
.

 

　　In the future, relying on the "biodiversity soup" and the three-dimensional system will promote China's biodiversity monitoring process and help China occupy the frontier highland of biodiversity monitoring as soon as possible
.

 

　　(Source: Science and Technology Daily)
 

　　Original title: The second generation of "biodiversity soup" struck and occupied the biodiversity monitoring highland